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- (window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||[]).push([[190],{518:function(s,t,a){"use strict";a.r(t);var n=a(3),e=Object(n.a)({},(function(){var s=this,t=s._self._c;return t("ContentSlotsDistributor",{attrs:{"slot-key":s.$parent.slotKey}},[t("h1",{attrs:{id:"取消功能的设计与实现"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#取消功能的设计与实现"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 取消功能的设计与实现")]),s._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"需求分析"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#需求分析"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 需求分析")]),s._v(" "),t("p",[s._v("有些场景下，我们希望能主动取消请求，比如常见的搜索框案例，在用户输入过程中，搜索框的内容也在不断变化，正常情况每次变化我们都应该向服务端发送一次请求。但是当用户输入过快的时候，我们不希望每次变化请求都发出去，通常一个解决方案是前端用 debounce 的方案，比如延时 200ms 发送请求。这样当用户连续输入的字符，只要输入间隔小于 200ms，前面输入的字符都不会发请求。")]),s._v(" "),t("p",[s._v("但是还有一种极端情况是后端接口很慢，比如超过 1s 才能响应，这个时候即使做了 200ms 的 debounce，但是在我慢慢输入（每个输入间隔超过 200ms）的情况下，在前面的请求没有响应前，也有可能发出去多个请求。因为接口的响应时长是不定的，如果先发出去的请求响应时长比后发出去的请求要久一些，后请求的响应先回来，先请求的响应后回来，就会出现前面请求响应结果覆盖后面请求响应结果的情况，那么就乱了。因此在这个场景下，我们除了做 debounce，还希望后面的请求发出去的时候，如果前面的请求还没有响应，我们可以把前面的请求取消。")]),s._v(" "),t("p",[s._v("从 axios 的取消接口设计层面，我们希望做如下的设计：")]),s._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language-typescript line-numbers-mode"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-typescript"}},[t("code",[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("const")]),s._v(" CancelToken "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v("=")]),s._v(" axios"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(".")]),s._v("CancelToken"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(";")]),s._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("const")]),s._v(" source "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v("=")]),s._v(" CancelToken"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(".")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[s._v("source")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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punctuation"}},[s._v(")")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(";")]),s._v("\n")])]),s._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("9")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("10")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("11")]),t("br")])]),t("p",[t("code",[s._v("axios.CancelToken")]),s._v(" 是一个类，我们直接把它实例化的对象传给请求配置中的 "),t("code",[s._v("cancelToken")]),s._v(" 属性，"),t("code",[s._v("CancelToken")]),s._v(" 的构造函数参数支持传入一个 "),t("code",[s._v("executor")]),s._v(" 方法，该方法的参数是一个取消函数 "),t("code",[s._v("c")]),s._v("，我们可以在 "),t("code",[s._v("executor")]),s._v(" 方法执行的内部拿到这个取消函数 "),t("code",[s._v("c")]),s._v("，赋值给我们外部定义的 "),t("code",[s._v("cancel")]),s._v(" 变量，之后我们可以通过调用这个 "),t("code",[s._v("cancel")]),s._v(" 方法来取消请求。")]),s._v(" "),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"异步分离的设计方案"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#异步分离的设计方案"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 异步分离的设计方案")]),s._v(" "),t("p",[s._v("通过需求分析，我们知道想要实现取消某次请求，我们需要为该请求配置一个 "),t("code",[s._v("cancelToken")]),s._v("，然后在外部调用一个 "),t("code",[s._v("cancel")]),s._v(" 方法。")]),s._v(" "),t("p",[s._v("请求的发送是一个异步过程，最终会执行 "),t("code",[s._v("xhr.send")]),s._v(" 方法，"),t("code",[s._v("xhr")]),s._v(" 对象提供了 "),t("a",{attrs:{href:"https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest/abort",target:"_blank",rel:"noopener noreferrer"}},[t("code",[s._v("abort")]),t("OutboundLink")],1),s._v(" 方法，可以把请求取消。因为我们在外部是碰不到 "),t("code",[s._v("xhr")]),s._v(" 对象的，所以我们想在执行 "),t("code",[s._v("cancel")]),s._v(" 的时候，去执行 "),t("code",[s._v("xhr.abort")]),s._v(" 方法。")]),s._v(" "),t("p",[s._v("现在就相当于我们在 "),t("code",[s._v("xhr")]),s._v(" 异步请求过程中，插入一段代码，当我们在外部执行 "),t("code",[s._v("cancel")]),s._v(" 函数的时候，会驱动这段代码的执行，然后执行 "),t("code",[s._v("xhr.abort")]),s._v(" 方法取消请求。")]),s._v(" "),t("p",[s._v("我们可以利用 Promise 实现异步分离，也就是在 "),t("code",[s._v("cancelToken")]),s._v(" 中保存一个 "),t("code",[s._v("pending")]),s._v(" 状态的 Promise 对象，然后当我们执行 "),t("code",[s._v("cancel")]),s._v(" 方法的时候，能够访问到这个 Promise 对象，把它从 "),t("code",[s._v("pending")]),s._v(" 状态变成 "),t("code",[s._v("resolved")]),s._v(" 状态，这样我们就可以在 "),t("code",[s._v("then")]),s._v(" 函数中去实现取消请求的逻辑，类似如下的代码：")]),s._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language-typescript line-numbers-mode"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-typescript"}},[t("code",[s._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("if")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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"),t("div",{staticClass:"line-numbers-wrapper"},[t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("1")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("2")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("3")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("4")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("5")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("6")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("7")]),t("br"),t("span",{staticClass:"line-number"},[s._v("8")]),t("br")])]),t("h2",{attrs:{id:"canceltoken-类实现"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#canceltoken-类实现"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" CancelToken 类实现")]),s._v(" "),t("p",[s._v("接下来，我们就来实现这个 "),t("code",[s._v("CancelToken")]),s._v(" 类，先来看一下接口定义：")]),s._v(" "),t("h3",{attrs:{id:"接口定义"}},[t("a",{staticClass:"header-anchor",attrs:{href:"#接口定义"}},[s._v("#")]),s._v(" 接口定义")]),s._v(" "),t("p",[t("code",[s._v("types/index.ts")]),s._v("：")]),s._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language-typescript 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