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  25.     <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></nav>  <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>初识 TypeScript</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>TypeScript 常用语法</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>ts-axios 项目初始化</span> <span class="arrow down"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/blog/pages/195af93fcc871b8b/" class="sidebar-link">需求分析</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/6e11ac76475a2b3e/" class="sidebar-link">初始化项目</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/acfe1e0b401fa984/" aria-current="page" class="active sidebar-link">编写基础请求代码</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/acfe1e0b401fa984/#创建入口文件" class="sidebar-link">创建入口文件</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/blog/pages/acfe1e0b401fa984/#编译配置文件-tsconfig-json" class="sidebar-link">编译配置文件 tsconfig.json</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/blog/pages/acfe1e0b401fa984/#定义-axiosrequestconfig-接口类型" class="sidebar-link">定义 AxiosRequestConfig 接口类型</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/acfe1e0b401fa984/#利用-xmlhttprequest-发送请求" class="sidebar-link">利用 XMLHttpRequest 发送请求</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/blog/pages/acfe1e0b401fa984/#引入-xhr-模块" class="sidebar-link">引入 xhr 模块</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/acfe1e0b401fa984/#demo-编写" class="sidebar-link">demo 编写</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/blog/pages/acfe1e0b401fa984/#依赖安装" class="sidebar-link">依赖安装</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/blog/pages/acfe1e0b401fa984/#编写-webpack-配置文件" class="sidebar-link">编写 webpack 配置文件</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/blog/pages/acfe1e0b401fa984/#编写-server-文件" class="sidebar-link">编写 server 文件</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/blog/pages/acfe1e0b401fa984/#编写-demo-代码" class="sidebar-link">编写 demo 代码</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/blog/pages/acfe1e0b401fa984/#运行-demo" class="sidebar-link">运行 demo</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>ts-axios 基础功能实现</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>ts-axios 异常情况处理</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>ts-axios 接口扩展</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>ts-axios 拦截器实现</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>ts-axios 配置化实现</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>ts-axios 取消功能实现</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>ts-axios 更多功能实现</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>ts-axios 单元测试</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>ts-axios 部署与发布</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul> </aside> <div><main class="page"><div class="theme-vdoing-wrapper "><div class="articleInfo-wrap" data-v-06970110><div class="articleInfo" data-v-06970110><ul class="breadcrumbs" data-v-06970110><li data-v-06970110><a href="/blog/" title="首页" class="iconfont icon-home router-link-active" data-v-06970110></a></li> <li data-v-06970110><a href="/blog/note/typescript-axios/#《TypeScript 从零实现 axios》" data-v-06970110>《TypeScript 从零实现 axios》</a></li><li data-v-06970110><a href="/blog/note/typescript-axios/#ts-axios 项目初始化" data-v-06970110>ts-axios 项目初始化</a></li></ul> <div class="info" data-v-06970110><div title="作者" class="author iconfont icon-touxiang" data-v-06970110><a href="javascript:;" data-v-06970110>HuangYi</a></div> <div title="创建时间" class="date iconfont icon-riqi" data-v-06970110><a href="javascript:;" data-v-06970110>2020-01-05</a></div> <!----></div></div></div> <!----> <div class="content-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-margin"><div class="right-menu-title">目录</div> <div class="right-menu-content"></div></div></div> <h1><img src="data:image/png;base64,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">编写基础请求代码<!----></h1>  <div class="theme-vdoing-content content__default"><h1 id="编写基础请求代码"><a href="#编写基础请求代码" class="header-anchor">#</a> 编写基础请求代码</h1> <p>我们这节课开始编写 <code>ts-axios</code> 库，我们的目标是实现简单的发送请求功能，即客户端通过 <code>XMLHttpRequest</code> 对象把请求发送到 server 端，server 端能收到请求并响应即可。</p> <p>我们实现 <code>axios</code> 最基本的操作，通过传入一个对象发送请求，如下：</p> <div class="language-typescript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token function">axios</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    26. 

  26.   method<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'get'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    27. 

  27.   url<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'/simple/get'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    28. 

  28.   params<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    29. 

  29.     a<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    30. 

  30.     b<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span>
    31. 

  31.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    32. 

  32. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    33. 

  33. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><h2 id="创建入口文件"><a href="#创建入口文件" class="header-anchor">#</a> 创建入口文件</h2> <p>我们删除 <code>src</code> 目录下的文件，先创建一个 <code>index.ts</code> 文件，作为整个库的入口文件，然后我们先定义一个 <code>axios</code> 方法，并把它导出，如下：</p> <div class="language-typescript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code>
    34. 

  34. <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">axios</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>config<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    35. 

  35. 

  36. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    37. 

  37. 

  38. <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> axios
    39. 

  39. 

  40. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p>这里 TypeScript 编译器会检查到错误，分别是 <code>config</code> 的声明上有隐含的 <code>any</code> 报错，以及代码块为空。代码块为空我们比较好理解，第一个错误的原因是因为我们给 TypeScript 编译配置的 <code>strict</code> 设置为 <code>true</code> 导致。</p> <h3 id="编译配置文件-tsconfig-json"><a href="#编译配置文件-tsconfig-json" class="header-anchor">#</a> 编译配置文件 tsconfig.json</h3> <p><code>tsconfig.json</code> 文件中指定了用来编译这个项目的根文件和编译选项，关于它的具体学习，我希望同学们去<a href="https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/tsconfig-json.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">官网<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>系统学习一下</p> <p>我们在之前讲 TypeScript 的基础时，会运行 <code>tsc</code> 命令去编译 TypeScript 文件，编译器会从当前目录开始去查找 <code>tsconfig.json</code> 文件，作为编译时的一些编译选项。</p> <p>我们来看一下 tsconfig.json 文件，它包含了很多编译时的配置，其中我们把 <code>strict</code> 设置为 <code>true</code>，它相当于启用所有严格类型的检查选项。启用 <code>--strict</code> 相当于启用 <code>--noImplicitAny</code>,<code>--noImplicitThis</code>,<code>--alwaysStrict</code>，<code>--strictNullChecks</code> 和 <code>--strictFunctionTypes</code> 和 <code>--strictPropertyInitialization</code>。</p> <p>我们讲 TypeScript 的基础时提到了 <code>--strictNullChecks</code>，其它的编译配置我建议同学们都去查看它的<a href="https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/compiler-options.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">官网文档<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>，把它当做手册去查阅即可。</p> <h3 id="定义-axiosrequestconfig-接口类型"><a href="#定义-axiosrequestconfig-接口类型" class="header-anchor">#</a> 定义 AxiosRequestConfig 接口类型</h3> <p>接下来，我们需要给 <code>config</code> 参数定义一种接口类型。我们创建一个 <code>types</code> 目录，在下面创建一个 <code>index.ts</code> 文件，作为我们项目中公用的类型定义文件。</p> <p>接下来我们来定义 <code>AxiosRequestConfig</code> 接口类型：</p> <div class="language-typescript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">interface</span> <span class="token class-name">AxiosRequestConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    41. 

  41.   url<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span>
    42. 

  42.   method<span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span>
    43. 

  43.   data<span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">any</span>
    44. 

  44.   params<span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">any</span>
    45. 

  45. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    46. 

  46. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p>其中，<code>url</code> 为请求的地址，必选属性；而其余属性都是可选属性。<code>method</code> 是请求的 HTTP 方法；<code>data</code> 是 <code>post</code>、<code>patch</code> 等类型请求的数据，放到 <code>request body</code> 中的；<code>params</code> 是 <code>get</code>、<code>head</code> 等类型请求的数据，拼接到 <code>url</code> 的 <code>query string</code> 中的。</p> <p>为了让 <code>method</code> 只能传入合法的字符串，我们定义一种字符串字面量类型 <code>Method</code>：</p> <div class="language-typescript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">type</span> <span class="token class-name">Method</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'get'</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token string">'GET'</span>
    47. 

  47.   <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token string">'delete'</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token string">'Delete'</span>
    48. 

  48.   <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token string">'head'</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token string">'HEAD'</span>
    49. 

  49.   <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token string">'options'</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token string">'OPTIONS'</span>
    50. 

  50.   <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token string">'post'</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token string">'POST'</span>
    51. 

  51.   <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token string">'put'</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token string">'PUT'</span>
    52. 

  52.   <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token string">'patch'</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token string">'PATCH'</span>
    53. 

  53. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p>接着我们把 <code>AxiosRequestConfig</code> 中的 <code>method</code> 属性类型改成这种字符串字面量类型：</p> <div class="language-typescript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">interface</span> <span class="token class-name">AxiosRequestConfig</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    54. 

  54.   url<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">string</span>
    55. 

  55.   method<span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">:</span> Method
    56. 

  56.   data<span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">any</span>
    57. 

  57.   params<span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">any</span>
    58. 

  58. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    59. 

  59. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p>然后回到 <code>index.ts</code>，我们引入 <code>AxiosRequestConfig</code> 类型，作为 <code>config</code> 的参数类型，如下：</p> <div class="language-typescript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> AxiosRequestConfig <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'./types'</span>
    60. 

  60. 

  61. <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">axios</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>config<span class="token operator">:</span> AxiosRequestConfig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    62. 

  62. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    63. 

  63. 

  64. <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> axios
    65. 

  65. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p>那么接下来，我们就来实现这个函数体内部的逻辑——发送请求。</p> <h2 id="利用-xmlhttprequest-发送请求"><a href="#利用-xmlhttprequest-发送请求" class="header-anchor">#</a> 利用 XMLHttpRequest 发送请求</h2> <p>我们并不想在 <code>index.ts</code> 中去实现发送请求的逻辑，我们利用模块化的编程思想，把这个功能拆分到一个单独的模块中。</p> <p>于是我们在 <code>src</code> 目录下创建一个 <code>xhr.ts</code> 文件，我们导出一个 <code>xhr</code> 方法，它接受一个 <code>config</code> 参数，类型也是 <code>AxiosRequestConfig</code> 类型。</p> <div class="language-typescript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> AxiosRequestConfig <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'./types'</span>
    66. 

  66. 

  67. <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">xhr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>config<span class="token operator">:</span> AxiosRequestConfig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    68. 

  68. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    69. 

  69. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>接下来，我们来实现这个函数体逻辑，如下：</p> <div class="language-typescript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">xhr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>config<span class="token operator">:</span> AxiosRequestConfig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    70. 

  70.   <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> data <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> method <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'get'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> config
    71. 

  71. 

  72.   <span class="token keyword">const</span> request <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">XMLHttpRequest</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    73. 

  73. 

  74.   request<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>method<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toUpperCase</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    75. 

  75. 

  76.   request<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">send</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    77. 

  77. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    78. 

  78. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><p>我们首先通过解构赋值的语法从 <code>config</code> 中拿到对应的属性值赋值给我的变量，并且还定义了一些默认值，因为在 <code>AxiosRequestConfig</code> 接口的定义中，有些属性是可选的。</p> <p>接着我们实例化了一个 <code>XMLHttpRequest</code> 对象，然后调用了它的 <code>open</code> 方法，传入了对应的一些参数，最后调用 <code>send</code> 方法发送请求。</p> <p>对于 <code>XMLHttpRequest</code> 的学习，我希望同学们去 <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">mdn<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 上系统地学习一下它的一些属性和方法，当做参考资料，因为在后续的开发中我们可能会反复查阅这些文档资料。</p> <h3 id="引入-xhr-模块"><a href="#引入-xhr-模块" class="header-anchor">#</a> 引入 xhr 模块</h3> <p>编写好了 <code>xhr</code> 模块，我们就需要在 <code>index.ts</code> 中去引入这个模块，如下：</p> <div class="language-typescript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> AxiosRequestConfig <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'./types'</span>
    79. 

  79. <span class="token keyword">import</span> xhr <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'./xhr'</span>
    80. 

  80. 

  81. <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">axios</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>config<span class="token operator">:</span> AxiosRequestConfig<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    82. 

  82.   <span class="token function">xhr</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>config<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    83. 

  83. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    84. 

  84. 

  85. <span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> axios
    86. 

  86. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><p>那么至此，我们基本的发送请求代码就编写完毕了，接下来我们来写一个小 demo，来使用我们编写的 axios 库去发送请求。</p> <h2 id="demo-编写"><a href="#demo-编写" class="header-anchor">#</a> demo 编写</h2> <p>我们会利用 Node.js 的 <a href="http://expressjs.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>express</code><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 库去运行我们的 demo，利用 <a href="https://webpack.js.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>webpack</code><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 来作为 demo 的构建工具。</p> <h3 id="依赖安装"><a href="#依赖安装" class="header-anchor">#</a> 依赖安装</h3> <p>我们先来安装一些编写 demo 需要的依赖包，如下：</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>&quot;webpack&quot;: &quot;^4.28.4&quot;,
    87. 

  87. &quot;webpack-dev-middleware&quot;: &quot;^3.5.0&quot;,
    88. 

  88. &quot;webpack-hot-middleware&quot;: &quot;^2.24.3&quot;,
    89. 

  89. &quot;ts-loader&quot;: &quot;^5.3.3&quot;,
    90. 

  90. &quot;tslint-loader&quot;: &quot;^3.5.4&quot;,
    91. 

  91. &quot;express&quot;: &quot;^4.16.4&quot;,
    92. 

  92. &quot;body-parser&quot;: &quot;^1.18.3&quot;
    93. 

  93. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p>其中，<code>webpack</code> 是打包构建工具，<code>webpack-dev-middleware</code> 和 <code>webpack-hot-middleware</code> 是 2 个 <code>express</code> 的 <code>webpack</code> 中间件，<code>ts-loader</code> 和 <code>tslint-loader</code> 是 <code>webpack</code> 需要的 TypeScript 相关 loader，<code>express</code> 是 Node.js 的服务端框架，<code>body-parser</code> 是 <code>express</code> 的一个中间件，解析 <code>body</code> 数据用的。</p> <h3 id="编写-webpack-配置文件"><a href="#编写-webpack-配置文件" class="header-anchor">#</a> 编写 webpack 配置文件</h3> <p>在 <code>examples</code> 目录下创建 <code>webpack</code> 配置文件 <code>webpack.config.js</code>：</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> fs <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'fs'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    94. 

  94. <span class="token keyword">const</span> path <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'path'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    95. 

  95. <span class="token keyword">const</span> webpack <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'webpack'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    96. 

  96. 

  97. module<span class="token punctuation">.</span>exports <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    98. 

  98.   <span class="token literal-property property">mode</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'development'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    99. 

  99. 

  100.   <span class="token comment">/**
    101. 

  101.    * 我们会在 examples 目录下建多个子目录
    102. 

  102.    * 我们会把不同章节的 demo 放到不同的子目录中
    103. 

  103.    * 每个子目录的下会创建一个 app.ts
    104. 

  104.    * app.ts 作为 webpack 构建的入口文件
    105. 

  105.    * entries 收集了多目录个入口文件，并且每个入口还引入了一个用于热更新的文件
    106. 

  106.    * entries 是一个对象，key 为目录名
    107. 

  107.    */</span>
    108. 

  108.   <span class="token literal-property property">entry</span><span class="token operator">:</span> fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readdirSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>__dirname<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">entries<span class="token punctuation">,</span> dir</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    109. 

  109.     <span class="token keyword">const</span> fullDir <span class="token operator">=</span> path<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>__dirname<span class="token punctuation">,</span> dir<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    110. 

  110.     <span class="token keyword">const</span> entry <span class="token operator">=</span> path<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fullDir<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'app.ts'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    111. 

  111.     <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">statSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fullDir<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isDirectory</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&amp;&amp;</span> fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">existsSync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>entry<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    112. 

  112.       entries<span class="token punctuation">[</span>dir<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'webpack-hot-middleware/client'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> entry<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    113. 

  113.     <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    114. 

  114. 

  115.     <span class="token keyword">return</span> entries
    116. 

  116.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    117. 

  117. 

  118.   <span class="token comment">/**
    119. 

  119.    * 根据不同的目录名称，打包生成目标 js，名称和目录名一致
    120. 

  120.    */</span>
    121. 

  121.   <span class="token literal-property property">output</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    122. 

  122.     <span class="token literal-property property">path</span><span class="token operator">:</span> path<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>__dirname<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'__build__'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    123. 

  123.     <span class="token literal-property property">filename</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'[name].js'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    124. 

  124.     <span class="token literal-property property">publicPath</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'/__build__/'</span>
    125. 

  125.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    126. 

  126. 

  127.   <span class="token literal-property property">module</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    128. 

  128.     <span class="token literal-property property">rules</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    129. 

  129.       <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    130. 

  130.         <span class="token literal-property property">test</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token regex"><span class="token regex-delimiter">/</span><span class="token regex-source language-regex">\.ts$</span><span class="token regex-delimiter">/</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    131. 

  131.         <span class="token literal-property property">enforce</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'pre'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    132. 

  132.         <span class="token literal-property property">use</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    133. 

  133.           <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    134. 

  134.             <span class="token literal-property property">loader</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'tslint-loader'</span>
    135. 

  135.           <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    136. 

  136.         <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    137. 

  137.       <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    138. 

  138.       <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    139. 

  139.         <span class="token literal-property property">test</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token regex"><span class="token regex-delimiter">/</span><span class="token regex-source language-regex">\.tsx?$</span><span class="token regex-delimiter">/</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    140. 

  140.         <span class="token literal-property property">use</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    141. 

  141.           <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    142. 

  142.             <span class="token literal-property property">loader</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'ts-loader'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    143. 

  143.             <span class="token literal-property property">options</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    144. 

  144.               <span class="token literal-property property">transpileOnly</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span>
    145. 

  145.             <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    146. 

  146.           <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    147. 

  147.         <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    148. 

  148.       <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    149. 

  149.     <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    150. 

  150.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    151. 

  151. 

  152.   <span class="token literal-property property">resolve</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    153. 

  153.     <span class="token literal-property property">extensions</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'.ts'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'.tsx'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'.js'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    154. 

  154.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    155. 

  155. 

  156.   <span class="token literal-property property">plugins</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    157. 

  157.     <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">webpack<span class="token punctuation">.</span>HotModuleReplacementPlugin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    158. 

  158.     <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">webpack<span class="token punctuation">.</span>NoEmitOnErrorsPlugin</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    159. 

  159.   <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    160. 

  160. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    161. 

  161. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br><span class="line-number">61</span><br><span class="line-number">62</span><br><span class="line-number">63</span><br><span class="line-number">64</span><br><span class="line-number">65</span><br><span class="line-number">66</span><br><span class="line-number">67</span><br><span class="line-number">68</span><br></div></div><h3 id="编写-server-文件"><a href="#编写-server-文件" class="header-anchor">#</a> 编写 server 文件</h3> <p>在 <code>examples</code> 目录下创建 <code>server.js</code> 文件：</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> express <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'express'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    162. 

  162. <span class="token keyword">const</span> bodyParser <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'body-parser'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    163. 

  163. <span class="token keyword">const</span> webpack <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'webpack'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    164. 

  164. <span class="token keyword">const</span> webpackDevMiddleware <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'webpack-dev-middleware'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    165. 

  165. <span class="token keyword">const</span> webpackHotMiddleware <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'webpack-hot-middleware'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    166. 

  166. <span class="token keyword">const</span> WebpackConfig <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">require</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'./webpack.config'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    167. 

  167. 

  168. <span class="token keyword">const</span> app <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">express</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    169. 

  169. <span class="token keyword">const</span> compiler <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">webpack</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>WebpackConfig<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    170. 

  170. 

  171. app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">webpackDevMiddleware</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>compiler<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    172. 

  172.   <span class="token literal-property property">publicPath</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'/__build__/'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    173. 

  173.   <span class="token literal-property property">stats</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    174. 

  174.     <span class="token literal-property property">colors</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    175. 

  175.     <span class="token literal-property property">chunks</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span>
    176. 

  176.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    177. 

  177. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    178. 

  178. 

  179. app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">webpackHotMiddleware</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>compiler<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    180. 

  180. 

  181. app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>express<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">static</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>__dirname<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    182. 

  182. 

  183. app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bodyParser<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">json</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    184. 

  184. app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>bodyParser<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">urlencoded</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">extended</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    185. 

  185. 

  186. <span class="token keyword">const</span> port <span class="token operator">=</span> process<span class="token punctuation">.</span>env<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">PORT</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token number">8080</span>
    187. 

  187. module<span class="token punctuation">.</span>exports <span class="token operator">=</span> app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">listen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>port<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    188. 

  188.   console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">Server listening on http://localhost:</span><span class="token interpolation"><span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">${</span>port<span class="token interpolation-punctuation punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token string">, Ctrl+C to stop</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    189. 

  189. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    190. 

  190. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><h3 id="编写-demo-代码"><a href="#编写-demo-代码" class="header-anchor">#</a> 编写 demo 代码</h3> <p>首先在 <code>examples</code> 目录下创建 <code>index.html</code> 和 <code>global.css</code>，作为所有 <code>demo</code> 的入口文件已全局样式文件。</p> <p><code>index.html</code>：</p> <div class="language-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token doctype"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;!</span><span class="token doctype-tag">DOCTYPE</span> <span class="token name">html</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    191. 

  191. <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>html</span> <span class="token attr-name">lang</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>en<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    192. 

  192.   <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    193. 

  193.     <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">charset</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>utf-8<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    194. 

  194.     <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>ts-axios examples<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    195. 

  195.     <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>link</span> <span class="token attr-name">rel</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>stylesheet<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">href</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>/global.css<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    196. 

  196.   <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    197. 

  197.   <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>body</span> <span class="token special-attr"><span class="token attr-name">style</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span><span class="token value css language-css"><span class="token property">padding</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 0 20px</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    198. 

  198.     <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>ts-axios examples<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    199. 

  199.     <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>ul</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    200. 

  200.       <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>a</span> <span class="token attr-name">href</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>simple<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>Simple<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>a</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>li</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    201. 

  201.     <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>ul</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    202. 

  202.   <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    203. 

  203. <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    204. 

  204. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br></div></div><p><code>global.css</code>：</p> <div class="language-css line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-css"><code><span class="token selector">html, body</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    205. 

  205.   <span class="token property">font-family</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> -apple-system<span class="token punctuation">,</span> BlinkMacSystemFont<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Segoe UI&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> Roboto<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Helvetica<span class="token punctuation">,</span> Arial<span class="token punctuation">,</span> sans-serif<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    206. 

  206.   <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #2c3e50<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    207. 

  207. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    208. 

  208. 

  209. <span class="token selector">ul</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    210. 

  210.   <span class="token property">line-height</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1.5em<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    211. 

  211.   <span class="token property">padding-left</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1.5em<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    212. 

  212. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    213. 

  213. 

  214. <span class="token selector">a</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    215. 

  215.   <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #7f8c8d<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    216. 

  216.   <span class="token property">text-decoration</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> none<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    217. 

  217. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    218. 

  218. 

  219. <span class="token selector">a:hover</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    220. 

  220.   <span class="token property">color</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> #4fc08d<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    221. 

  221. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    222. 

  222. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><p>然后在 <code>examples</code> 目录下创建 <code>simple</code> 目录，作为本章节的 demo 目录，在该目录下再创建 <code>index.html</code> 和 <code>app.ts</code> 文件</p> <p><code>index.html</code> 文件如下:</p> <div class="language-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token doctype"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;!</span><span class="token doctype-tag">DOCTYPE</span> <span class="token name">html</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    223. 

  223. <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>html</span> <span class="token attr-name">lang</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>en<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    224. 

  224.   <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    225. 

  225.     <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>meta</span> <span class="token attr-name">charset</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>utf-8<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    226. 

  226.     <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>Simple example<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>title</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    227. 

  227.   <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>head</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    228. 

  228.   <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    229. 

  229.     <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>/__build__/simple.js<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    230. 

  230.   <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    231. 

  231. <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>html</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    232. 

  232. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p><code>app.ts</code> 文件如下：</p> <div class="language-typescript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-typescript"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> axios <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'../../src/index'</span>
    233. 

  233. 

  234. <span class="token function">axios</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    235. 

  235.   method<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'get'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    236. 

  236.   url<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'/simple/get'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    237. 

  237.   params<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    238. 

  238.     a<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    239. 

  239.     b<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span>
    240. 

  240.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    241. 

  241. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    242. 

  242. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p>因为我们这里通过 <code>axios</code> 发送了请求，那么我们的 server 端要实现对应的路由接口，我们来修改 <code>server.js</code>，添加如下代码：</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> router <span class="token operator">=</span> express<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">Router</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    243. 

  243. 

  244. router<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'/simple/get'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">req<span class="token punctuation">,</span> res</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    245. 

  245.   res<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">json</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    246. 

  246.     <span class="token literal-property property">msg</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token template-string"><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span><span class="token string">hello world</span><span class="token template-punctuation string">`</span></span>
    247. 

  247.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    248. 

  248. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    249. 

  249. 

  250. app<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">use</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>router<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    251. 

  251. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><h3 id="运行-demo"><a href="#运行-demo" class="header-anchor">#</a> 运行 demo</h3> <p>接着我们在 <code>package.json</code> 中去新增一个 <code>npm script</code>：</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>&quot;dev&quot;: &quot;node examples/server.js&quot;
    252. 

  252. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>然后我们去控制台执行命令</p> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">npm</span> run dev
    253. 

  253. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>相当于执行了 <code>node examples/server.js</code>，会开启我们的 server。</p> <p>接着我们打开 chrome 浏览器，访问 <code>http://localhost:8080/</code> 即可访问我们的 demo 了，我们点到 <code>Simple</code> 目录下，通过开发者工具的 network 部分我们可以看到成功发送到了一条请求，并在 response 中看到了服务端返回的数据。</p> <p>至此，我们就实现了一个简单的请求发送，并编写了相关的 demo。但是现在存在一些问题：我们传入的 <code>params</code> 数据并没有用，也没有拼接到 <code>url</code> 上；我们对 request body 的数据格式、请求头 headers 也没有做处理；另外我们虽然从网络层面收到了响应的数据，但是我们代码层面也并没有对响应的数据做处理。那么下面一章，我们就来解决这些问题。</p></div></div>  <div class="page-edit"><div class="edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/heBody/blog/edit/master/docs/《TypeScript 从零实现 axios》/03.ts-axios 项目初始化/03.编写基础请求代码.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">编辑</a> <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></div> <div class="tags"><a href="/blog/tags/?tag=TypeScript" title="标签">#TypeScript</a></div> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">上次更新:</span> <span class="time">2022/12/14, 19:36:42</span></div></div> <div class="page-nav-wapper"><div class="page-nav-centre-wrap"><a href="/blog/pages/6e11ac76475a2b3e/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-prev"><div class="tooltip">初始化项目</div></a> <a href="/blog/pages/1313dae575f6dddf/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-next"><div class="tooltip">处理请求 url 参数</div></a></div> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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