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href="/blog/pages/718b48ed9ce0adce/" class="sidebar-link">Generator 函数的语法</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/75af7031eb66847b/" class="sidebar-link">Generator 函数的异步应用</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/3777253e65bac487/" class="sidebar-link">async 函数</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/e831e1593c82bbe0/" class="sidebar-link">Class 的基本语法</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/83f8c3a0cd87dd83/" class="sidebar-link">Class 的继承</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/efe2fb04eb8ac5fb/" class="sidebar-link">Module 的语法</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/a79ca2e64ceae213/" class="sidebar-link">Module 的加载实现</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/984bf549204bb266/" class="sidebar-link">编程风格</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/32c35f7651d6e58e/" class="sidebar-link">读懂 ECMAScript 规格</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/16121351be68691b/" aria-current="page" class="active sidebar-link">异步遍历器</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/16121351be68691b/#同步遍历器的问题" class="sidebar-link">同步遍历器的问题</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/16121351be68691b/#异步遍历的接口" class="sidebar-link">异步遍历的接口</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/16121351be68691b/#for-await-of" class="sidebar-link">for await...of</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/16121351be68691b/#异步-generator-函数" class="sidebar-link">异步 Generator 函数</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/16121351be68691b/#yield-语句" class="sidebar-link">yield* 语句</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/a2ba314746bfdbdd/" class="sidebar-link">ArrayBuffer</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/7188882b8d65af1b/" class="sidebar-link">最新提案</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/e97bc1e5626b082c/" class="sidebar-link">装饰器</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/1cf50330655efc69/" class="sidebar-link">函数式编程</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/6a8e2dc558da1b39/" class="sidebar-link">Mixin</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/8e8f80f69b775a56/" class="sidebar-link">SIMD</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/ea6f3b870f6dab69/" class="sidebar-link">参考链接</a></li></ul> </aside> <div><main class="page"><div class="theme-vdoing-wrapper "><div class="articleInfo-wrap" data-v-06970110><div class="articleInfo" data-v-06970110><ul class="breadcrumbs" data-v-06970110><li data-v-06970110><a href="/blog/" title="首页" class="iconfont icon-home router-link-active" data-v-06970110></a></li> <li data-v-06970110><a href="/blog/note/es6/#《ES6 教程》笔记" data-v-06970110>《ES6 教程》笔记</a></li></ul> <div class="info" data-v-06970110><div title="作者" class="author iconfont icon-touxiang" data-v-06970110><a href="javascript:;" data-v-06970110>阮一峰</a></div> <div title="创建时间" class="date iconfont icon-riqi" data-v-06970110><a href="javascript:;" data-v-06970110>2020-02-09</a></div> <!----></div></div></div> <!----> <div class="content-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-margin"><div class="right-menu-title">目录</div> <div class="right-menu-content"></div></div></div> <h1><img src="data:image/png;base64,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">异步遍历器<!----></h1>  <div class="theme-vdoing-content content__default"><h1 id="异步遍历器"><a href="#异步遍历器" class="header-anchor">#</a> 异步遍历器</h1> <h2 id="同步遍历器的问题"><a href="#同步遍历器的问题" class="header-anchor">#</a> 同步遍历器的问题</h2> <p>《遍历器》一章说过，Iterator 接口是一种数据遍历的协议，只要调用遍历器对象的<code>next</code>方法，就会得到一个对象，表示当前遍历指针所在的那个位置的信息。<code>next</code>方法返回的对象的结构是<code>{value, done}</code>，其中<code>value</code>表示当前的数据的值，<code>done</code>是一个布尔值，表示遍历是否结束。
    26. 

  26. </p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">idMaker</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    27. 

  27.   <span class="token keyword">let</span> index <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    28. 

  28. 

  29.   <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    30. 

  30.     <span class="token function-variable function">next</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    31. 

  31.       <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">value</span><span class="token operator">:</span> index<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">done</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    32. 

  32.     <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    33. 

  33.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    34. 

  34. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    35. 

  35. 

  36. <span class="token keyword">const</span> it <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">idMaker</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    37. 

  37. 

  38. it<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>value <span class="token comment">// 0</span>
    39. 

  39. it<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>value <span class="token comment">// 1</span>
    40. 

  40. it<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>value <span class="token comment">// 2</span>
    41. 

  41. <span class="token comment">// ...</span>
    42. 

  42. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码中，变量<code>it</code>是一个遍历器（iterator）。每次调用<code>it.next()</code>方法，就返回一个对象，表示当前遍历位置的信息。</p> <p>这里隐含着一个规定，<code>it.next()</code>方法必须是同步的，只要调用就必须立刻返回值。也就是说，一旦执行<code>it.next()</code>方法，就必须同步地得到<code>value</code>和<code>done</code>这两个属性。如果遍历指针正好指向同步操作，当然没有问题，但对于异步操作，就不太合适了。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">idMaker</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    43. 

  43.   <span class="token keyword">let</span> index <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    44. 

  44. 

  45.   <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    46. 

  46.     <span class="token function-variable function">next</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    47. 

  47.       <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span> reject</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    48. 

  48.         <span class="token function">setTimeout</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    49. 

  49.           <span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">value</span><span class="token operator">:</span> index<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">done</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    50. 

  50.         <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    51. 

  51.       <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    52. 

  52.     <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    53. 

  53.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    54. 

  54. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    55. 

  55. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码中，<code>next()</code>方法返回的是一个 Promise 对象，这样就不行，不符合 Iterator 协议，只要代码里面包含异步操作都不行。也就是说，Iterator 协议里面<code>next()</code>方法只能包含同步操作。</p> <p>目前的解决方法是，将异步操作包装成 Thunk 函数或者 Promise 对象，即<code>next()</code>方法返回值的<code>value</code>属性是一个 Thunk 函数或者 Promise 对象，等待以后返回真正的值，而<code>done</code>属性则还是同步产生的。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">idMaker</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    56. 

  56.   <span class="token keyword">let</span> index <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    57. 

  57. 

  58.   <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    59. 

  59.     <span class="token function-variable function">next</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    60. 

  60.       <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    61. 

  61.         <span class="token literal-property property">value</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">resolve</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">setTimeout</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>index<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    62. 

  62.         <span class="token literal-property property">done</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span>
    63. 

  63.       <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    64. 

  64.     <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    65. 

  65.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    66. 

  66. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    67. 

  67. 

  68. <span class="token keyword">const</span> it <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">idMaker</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    69. 

  69. 

  70. it<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">o</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>o<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// 1</span>
    71. 

  71. it<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">o</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>o<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// 2</span>
    72. 

  72. it<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">o</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>o<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// 3</span>
    73. 

  73. <span class="token comment">// ...</span>
    74. 

  74. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码中，<code>value</code>属性的返回值是一个 Promise 对象，用来放置异步操作。但是这样写很麻烦，不太符合直觉，语义也比较绕。</p> <p>ES2018 <a href="https://github.com/tc39/proposal-async-iteration" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">引入<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>了“异步遍历器”（Async Iterator），为异步操作提供原生的遍历器接口，即<code>value</code>和<code>done</code>这两个属性都是异步产生。</p> <h2 id="异步遍历的接口"><a href="#异步遍历的接口" class="header-anchor">#</a> 异步遍历的接口</h2> <p>异步遍历器的最大的语法特点，就是调用遍历器的<code>next</code>方法，返回的是一个 Promise 对象。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code>asyncIterator
    75. 

  75.   <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    76. 

  76.   <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    77. 

  77.     <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token punctuation">{</span> value<span class="token punctuation">,</span> done <span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token comment">/* ... */</span>
    78. 

  78.   <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    79. 

  79. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码中，<code>asyncIterator</code>是一个异步遍历器，调用<code>next</code>方法以后，返回一个 Promise 对象。因此，可以使用<code>then</code>方法指定，这个 Promise 对象的状态变为<code>resolve</code>以后的回调函数。回调函数的参数，则是一个具有<code>value</code>和<code>done</code>两个属性的对象，这个跟同步遍历器是一样的。</p> <p>我们知道，一个对象的同步遍历器的接口，部署在<code>Symbol.iterator</code>属性上面。同样地，对象的异步遍历器接口，部署在<code>Symbol.asyncIterator</code>属性上面。不管是什么样的对象，只要它的<code>Symbol.asyncIterator</code>属性有值，就表示应该对它进行异步遍历。</p> <p>下面是一个异步遍历器的例子。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> asyncIterable <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createAsyncIterable</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'b'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    80. 

  80. <span class="token keyword">const</span> asyncIterator <span class="token operator">=</span> asyncIterable<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Symbol<span class="token punctuation">.</span>asyncIterator<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    81. 

  81. 

  82. asyncIterator
    83. 

  83. <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    84. 

  84. <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">iterResult1</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    85. 

  85.   console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>iterResult1<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// { value: 'a', done: false }</span>
    86. 

  86.   <span class="token keyword">return</span> asyncIterator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    87. 

  87. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    88. 

  88. <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">iterResult2</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    89. 

  89.   console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>iterResult2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// { value: 'b', done: false }</span>
    90. 

  90.   <span class="token keyword">return</span> asyncIterator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    91. 

  91. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    92. 

  92. <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">iterResult3</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    93. 

  93.   console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>iterResult3<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// { value: undefined, done: true }</span>
    94. 

  94. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    95. 

  95. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码中，异步遍历器其实返回了两次值。第一次调用的时候，返回一个 Promise 对象；等到 Promise 对象<code>resolve</code>了，再返回一个表示当前数据成员信息的对象。这就是说，异步遍历器与同步遍历器最终行为是一致的，只是会先返回 Promise 对象，作为中介。</p> <p>由于异步遍历器的<code>next</code>方法，返回的是一个 Promise 对象。因此，可以把它放在<code>await</code>命令后面。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">f</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    96. 

  96.   <span class="token keyword">const</span> asyncIterable <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createAsyncIterable</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'b'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    97. 

  97.   <span class="token keyword">const</span> asyncIterator <span class="token operator">=</span> asyncIterable<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Symbol<span class="token punctuation">.</span>asyncIterator<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    98. 

  98.   console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> asyncIterator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    99. 

  99.   <span class="token comment">// { value: 'a', done: false }</span>
    100. 

  100.   console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> asyncIterator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    101. 

  101.   <span class="token comment">// { value: 'b', done: false }</span>
    102. 

  102.   console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">await</span> asyncIterator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    103. 

  103.   <span class="token comment">// { value: undefined, done: true }</span>
    104. 

  104. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    105. 

  105. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码中，<code>next</code>方法用<code>await</code>处理以后，就不必使用<code>then</code>方法了。整个流程已经很接近同步处理了。</p> <p>注意，异步遍历器的<code>next</code>方法是可以连续调用的，不必等到上一步产生的 Promise 对象<code>resolve</code>以后再调用。这种情况下，<code>next</code>方法会累积起来，自动按照每一步的顺序运行下去。下面是一个例子，把所有的<code>next</code>方法放在<code>Promise.all</code>方法里面。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> asyncIterable <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">createAsyncIterable</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'b'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    106. 

  106. <span class="token keyword">const</span> asyncIterator <span class="token operator">=</span> asyncIterable<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Symbol<span class="token punctuation">.</span>asyncIterator<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    107. 

  107. <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token literal-property property">value</span><span class="token operator">:</span> v1<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token literal-property property">value</span><span class="token operator">:</span> v2<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> Promise<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">all</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    108. 

  108.   asyncIterator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> asyncIterator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    109. 

  109. <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    110. 

  110. 

  111. console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>v1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> v2<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// a b</span>
    112. 

  112. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p>另一种用法是一次性调用所有的<code>next</code>方法，然后<code>await</code>最后一步操作。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">runner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    113. 

  113.   <span class="token keyword">const</span> writer <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">openFile</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'someFile.txt'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    114. 

  114.   writer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'hello'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    115. 

  115.   writer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'world'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    116. 

  116.   <span class="token keyword">await</span> writer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">return</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    117. 

  117. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    118. 

  118. 

  119. <span class="token function">runner</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    120. 

  120. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><h2 id="for-await-of"><a href="#for-await-of" class="header-anchor">#</a> for await...of</h2> <p>前面介绍过，<code>for...of</code>循环用于遍历同步的 Iterator 接口。新引入的<code>for await...of</code>循环，则是用于遍历异步的 Iterator 接口。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">f</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    121. 

  121.   <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> x <span class="token keyword">of</span> <span class="token function">createAsyncIterable</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'b'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    122. 

  122.     console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    123. 

  123.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    124. 

  124. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    125. 

  125. <span class="token comment">// a</span>
    126. 

  126. <span class="token comment">// b</span>
    127. 

  127. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码中，<code>createAsyncIterable()</code>返回一个拥有异步遍历器接口的对象，<code>for...of</code>循环自动调用这个对象的异步遍历器的<code>next</code>方法，会得到一个 Promise 对象。<code>await</code>用来处理这个 Promise 对象，一旦<code>resolve</code>，就把得到的值（<code>x</code>）传入<code>for...of</code>的循环体。</p> <p><code>for await...of</code>循环的一个用途，是部署了 asyncIterable 操作的异步接口，可以直接放入这个循环。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> body <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">''</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    128. 

  128. 

  129. <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">f</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    130. 

  130.   <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> data <span class="token keyword">of</span> req<span class="token punctuation">)</span> body <span class="token operator">+=</span> data<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    131. 

  131.   <span class="token keyword">const</span> parsed <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">JSON</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">parse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>body<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    132. 

  132.   console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'got'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> parsed<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    133. 

  133. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    134. 

  134. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码中，<code>req</code>是一个 asyncIterable 对象，用来异步读取数据。可以看到，使用<code>for await...of</code>循环以后，代码会非常简洁。</p> <p>如果<code>next</code>方法返回的 Promise 对象被<code>reject</code>，<code>for await...of</code>就会报错，要用<code>try...catch</code>捕捉。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    135. 

  135.   <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    136. 

  136.     <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> x <span class="token keyword">of</span> <span class="token function">createRejectingIterable</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    137. 

  137.       console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    138. 

  138.     <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    139. 

  139.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    140. 

  140.     console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    141. 

  141.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    142. 

  142. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    143. 

  143. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><p>注意，<code>for await...of</code>循环也可以用于同步遍历器。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    144. 

  144.   <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> x <span class="token keyword">of</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'b'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    145. 

  145.     console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    146. 

  146.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    147. 

  147. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    148. 

  148. <span class="token comment">// a</span>
    149. 

  149. <span class="token comment">// b</span>
    150. 

  150. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p>Node v10 支持异步遍历器，Stream 就部署了这个接口。下面是读取文件的传统写法与异步遍历器写法的差异。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token comment">// 传统写法</span>
    151. 

  151. <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">inputFilePath</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    152. 

  152.   <span class="token keyword">const</span> readStream <span class="token operator">=</span> fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createReadStream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    153. 

  153.     inputFilePath<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    154. 

  154.     <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">encoding</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'utf8'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">highWaterMark</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1024</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    155. 

  155.   <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    156. 

  156.   readStream<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">on</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'data'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">chunk</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    157. 

  157.     console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'&gt;&gt;&gt; '</span><span class="token operator">+</span>chunk<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    158. 

  158.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    159. 

  159.   readStream<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">on</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'end'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    160. 

  160.     console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'### DONE ###'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    161. 

  161.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    162. 

  162. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    163. 

  163. 

  164. <span class="token comment">// 异步遍历器写法</span>
    165. 

  165. <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">main</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">inputFilePath</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    166. 

  166.   <span class="token keyword">const</span> readStream <span class="token operator">=</span> fs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">createReadStream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    167. 

  167.     inputFilePath<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    168. 

  168.     <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">encoding</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'utf8'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token literal-property property">highWaterMark</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1024</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    169. 

  169.   <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    170. 

  170. 

  171.   <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> chunk <span class="token keyword">of</span> readStream<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    172. 

  172.     console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'&gt;&gt;&gt; '</span><span class="token operator">+</span>chunk<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    173. 

  173.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    174. 

  174.   console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'### DONE ###'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    175. 

  175. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    176. 

  176. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br></div></div><h2 id="异步-generator-函数"><a href="#异步-generator-函数" class="header-anchor">#</a> 异步 Generator 函数</h2> <p>就像 Generator 函数返回一个同步遍历器对象一样，异步 Generator 函数的作用，是返回一个异步遍历器对象。</p> <p>在语法上，异步 Generator 函数就是<code>async</code>函数与 Generator 函数的结合。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">gen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    177. 

  177.   <span class="token keyword">yield</span> <span class="token string">'hello'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    178. 

  178. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    179. 

  179. <span class="token keyword">const</span> genObj <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">gen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    180. 

  180. genObj<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">x</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    181. 

  181. <span class="token comment">// { value: 'hello', done: false }</span>
    182. 

  182. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码中，<code>gen</code>是一个异步 Generator 函数，执行后返回一个异步 Iterator 对象。对该对象调用<code>next</code>方法，返回一个 Promise 对象。</p> <p>异步遍历器的设计目的之一，就是 Generator 函数处理同步操作和异步操作时，能够使用同一套接口。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token comment">// 同步 Generator 函数</span>
    183. 

  183. <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">iterable<span class="token punctuation">,</span> func</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    184. 

  184.   <span class="token keyword">const</span> iter <span class="token operator">=</span> iterable<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Symbol<span class="token punctuation">.</span>iterator<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    185. 

  185.   <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    186. 

  186.     <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>value<span class="token punctuation">,</span> done<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> iter<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    187. 

  187.     <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>done<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    188. 

  188.     <span class="token keyword">yield</span> <span class="token function">func</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    189. 

  189.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    190. 

  190. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    191. 

  191. 

  192. <span class="token comment">// 异步 Generator 函数</span>
    193. 

  193. <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">iterable<span class="token punctuation">,</span> func</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    194. 

  194.   <span class="token keyword">const</span> iter <span class="token operator">=</span> iterable<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Symbol<span class="token punctuation">.</span>asyncIterator<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    195. 

  195.   <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    196. 

  196.     <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>value<span class="token punctuation">,</span> done<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> iter<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    197. 

  197.     <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>done<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    198. 

  198.     <span class="token keyword">yield</span> <span class="token function">func</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    199. 

  199.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    200. 

  200. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    201. 

  201. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码中，<code>map</code>是一个 Generator 函数，第一个参数是可遍历对象<code>iterable</code>，第二个参数是一个回调函数<code>func</code>。<code>map</code>的作用是将<code>iterable</code>每一步返回的值，使用<code>func</code>进行处理。上面有两个版本的<code>map</code>，前一个处理同步遍历器，后一个处理异步遍历器，可以看到两个版本的写法基本上是一致的。</p> <p>下面是另一个异步 Generator 函数的例子。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">readLines</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">path</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    202. 

  202.   <span class="token keyword">let</span> file <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">fileOpen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>path<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    203. 

  203. 

  204.   <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    205. 

  205.     <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span>file<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token constant">EOF</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    206. 

  206.       <span class="token keyword">yield</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> file<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">readLine</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    207. 

  207.     <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    208. 

  208.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">finally</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    209. 

  209.     <span class="token keyword">await</span> file<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">close</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    210. 

  210.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    211. 

  211. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    212. 

  212. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码中，异步操作前面使用<code>await</code>关键字标明，即<code>await</code>后面的操作，应该返回 Promise 对象。凡是使用<code>yield</code>关键字的地方，就是<code>next</code>方法停下来的地方，它后面的表达式的值（即<code>await file.readLine()</code>的值），会作为<code>next()</code>返回对象的<code>value</code>属性，这一点是与同步 Generator 函数一致的。</p> <p>异步 Generator 函数内部，能够同时使用<code>await</code>和<code>yield</code>命令。可以这样理解，<code>await</code>命令用于将外部操作产生的值输入函数内部，<code>yield</code>命令用于将函数内部的值输出。</p> <p>上面代码定义的异步 Generator 函数的用法如下。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    213. 

  213.   <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> line <span class="token keyword">of</span> <span class="token function">readLines</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>filePath<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    214. 

  214.     console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>line<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    215. 

  215.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    216. 

  216. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    217. 

  217. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p>异步 Generator 函数可以与<code>for await...of</code>循环结合起来使用。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">prefixLines</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">asyncIterable</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    218. 

  218.   <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> line <span class="token keyword">of</span> asyncIterable<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    219. 

  219.     <span class="token keyword">yield</span> <span class="token string">'&gt; '</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> line<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    220. 

  220.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    221. 

  221. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    222. 

  222. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p>异步 Generator 函数的返回值是一个异步 Iterator，即每次调用它的<code>next</code>方法，会返回一个 Promise 对象，也就是说，跟在<code>yield</code>命令后面的，应该是一个 Promise 对象。如果像上面那个例子那样，<code>yield</code>命令后面是一个字符串，会被自动包装成一个 Promise 对象。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">fetchRandom</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    223. 

  223.   <span class="token keyword">const</span> url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'https://www.random.org/decimal-fractions/'</span>
    224. 

  224.     <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'?num=1&amp;dec=10&amp;col=1&amp;format=plain&amp;rnd=new'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    225. 

  225.   <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">fetch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    226. 

  226. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    227. 

  227. 

  228. <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">asyncGenerator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    229. 

  229.   console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Start'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    230. 

  230.   <span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">fetchRandom</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (A)</span>
    231. 

  231.   <span class="token keyword">yield</span> <span class="token string">'Result: '</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> result<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">text</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// (B)</span>
    232. 

  232.   console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Done'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    233. 

  233. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    234. 

  234. 

  235. <span class="token keyword">const</span> ag <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">asyncGenerator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    236. 

  236. ag<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token punctuation">{</span>value<span class="token punctuation">,</span> done<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    237. 

  237.   console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    238. 

  238. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    239. 

  239. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码中，<code>ag</code>是<code>asyncGenerator</code>函数返回的异步遍历器对象。调用<code>ag.next()</code>以后，上面代码的执行顺序如下。</p> <ol><li><code>ag.next()</code>立刻返回一个 Promise 对象。</li> <li><code>asyncGenerator</code>函数开始执行，打印出<code>Start</code>。</li> <li><code>await</code>命令返回一个 Promise 对象，<code>asyncGenerator</code>函数停在这里。</li> <li>A 处变成 fulfilled 状态，产生的值放入<code>result</code>变量，<code>asyncGenerator</code>函数继续往下执行。</li> <li>函数在 B 处的<code>yield</code>暂停执行，一旦<code>yield</code>命令取到值，<code>ag.next()</code>返回的那个 Promise 对象变成 fulfilled 状态。</li> <li><code>ag.next()</code>后面的<code>then</code>方法指定的回调函数开始执行。该回调函数的参数是一个对象<code>{value, done}</code>，其中<code>value</code>的值是<code>yield</code>命令后面的那个表达式的值，<code>done</code>的值是<code>false</code>。</li></ol> <p>A 和 B 两行的作用类似于下面的代码。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Promise</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">resolve<span class="token punctuation">,</span> reject</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    240. 

  240.   <span class="token function">fetchRandom</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    241. 

  241.   <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">result</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> result<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">text</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    242. 

  242.   <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">result</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    243. 

  243.      <span class="token function">resolve</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    244. 

  244.        <span class="token literal-property property">value</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'Result: '</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> result<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    245. 

  245.        <span class="token literal-property property">done</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    246. 

  246.      <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    247. 

  247.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    248. 

  248. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    249. 

  249. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p>如果异步 Generator 函数抛出错误，会导致 Promise 对象的状态变为<code>reject</code>，然后抛出的错误被<code>catch</code>方法捕获。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">asyncGenerator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    250. 

  250.   <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Error</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Problem!'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    251. 

  251. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    252. 

  252. 

  253. <span class="token function">asyncGenerator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    254. 

  254. <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    255. 

  255. <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">catch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">err</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// Error: Problem!</span>
    256. 

  256. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p>注意，普通的 async 函数返回的是一个 Promise 对象，而异步 Generator 函数返回的是一个异步 Iterator 对象。可以这样理解，async 函数和异步 Generator 函数，是封装异步操作的两种方法，都用来达到同一种目的。区别在于，前者自带执行器，后者通过<code>for await...of</code>执行，或者自己编写执行器。下面就是一个异步 Generator 函数的执行器。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">takeAsync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">asyncIterable<span class="token punctuation">,</span> count <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">Infinity</span></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    257. 

  257.   <span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    258. 

  258.   <span class="token keyword">const</span> iterator <span class="token operator">=</span> asyncIterable<span class="token punctuation">[</span>Symbol<span class="token punctuation">.</span>asyncIterator<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    259. 

  259.   <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> count<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    260. 

  260.     <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>value<span class="token punctuation">,</span> done<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> iterator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    261. 

  261.     <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>done<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    262. 

  262.     result<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    263. 

  263.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    264. 

  264.   <span class="token keyword">return</span> result<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    265. 

  265. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    266. 

  266. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码中，异步 Generator 函数产生的异步遍历器，会通过<code>while</code>循环自动执行，每当<code>await iterator.next()</code>完成，就会进入下一轮循环。一旦<code>done</code>属性变为<code>true</code>，就会跳出循环，异步遍历器执行结束。</p> <p>下面是这个自动执行器的一个使用实例。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">f</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    267. 

  267.   <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">gen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    268. 

  268.     <span class="token keyword">yield</span> <span class="token string">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    269. 

  269.     <span class="token keyword">yield</span> <span class="token string">'b'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    270. 

  270.     <span class="token keyword">yield</span> <span class="token string">'c'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    271. 

  271.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    272. 

  272. 

  273.   <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token function">takeAsync</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">gen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    274. 

  274. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    275. 

  275. 

  276. <span class="token function">f</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">then</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">result</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    277. 

  277.   console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>result<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// ['a', 'b', 'c']</span>
    278. 

  278. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    279. 

  279. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><p>异步 Generator 函数出现以后，JavaScript 就有了四种函数形式：普通函数、async 函数、Generator 函数和异步 Generator 函数。请注意区分每种函数的不同之处。基本上，如果是一系列按照顺序执行的异步操作（比如读取文件，然后写入新内容，再存入硬盘），可以使用 async 函数；如果是一系列产生相同数据结构的异步操作（比如一行一行读取文件），可以使用异步 Generator 函数。</p> <p>异步 Generator 函数也可以通过<code>next</code>方法的参数，接收外部传入的数据。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> writer <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">openFile</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'someFile.txt'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    280. 

  280. writer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'hello'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 立即执行</span>
    281. 

  281. writer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">next</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'world'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 立即执行</span>
    282. 

  282. <span class="token keyword">await</span> writer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">return</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 等待写入结束</span>
    283. 

  283. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码中，<code>openFile</code>是一个异步 Generator 函数。<code>next</code>方法的参数，向该函数内部的操作传入数据。每次<code>next</code>方法都是同步执行的，最后的<code>await</code>命令用于等待整个写入操作结束。</p> <p>最后，同步的数据结构，也可以使用异步 Generator 函数。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">createAsyncIterable</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">syncIterable</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    284. 

  284.   <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> elem <span class="token keyword">of</span> syncIterable<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    285. 

  285.     <span class="token keyword">yield</span> elem<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    286. 

  286.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    287. 

  287. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    288. 

  288. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码中，由于没有异步操作，所以也就没有使用<code>await</code>关键字。</p> <h2 id="yield-语句"><a href="#yield-语句" class="header-anchor">#</a> yield* 语句</h2> <p><code>yield*</code>语句也可以跟一个异步遍历器。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">gen1</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    289. 

  289.   <span class="token keyword">yield</span> <span class="token string">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    290. 

  290.   <span class="token keyword">yield</span> <span class="token string">'b'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    291. 

  291.   <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    292. 

  292. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    293. 

  293. 

  294. <span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">gen2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    295. 

  295.   <span class="token comment">// result 最终会等于 2</span>
    296. 

  296.   <span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">yield</span><span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token function">gen1</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    297. 

  297. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    298. 

  298. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码中，<code>gen2</code>函数里面的<code>result</code>变量，最后的值是<code>2</code>。</p> <p>与同步 Generator 函数一样，<code>for await...of</code>循环会展开<code>yield*</code>。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">async</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    299. 

  299.   <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token keyword">await</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">const</span> x <span class="token keyword">of</span> <span class="token function">gen2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    300. 

  300.     console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    301. 

  301.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    302. 

  302. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    303. 

  303. <span class="token comment">// a</span>
    304. 

  304. <span class="token comment">// b</span>
    305. 

  305. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div></div></div>  <div class="page-edit"><div class="edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/heBody/blog/edit/master/docs/《ES6 教程》笔记/27.异步遍历器.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">编辑</a> <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></div> <div class="tags"><a href="/blog/tags/?tag=ES6" title="标签">#ES6</a></div> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">上次更新:</span> <span class="time">2022/12/14, 19:36:42</span></div></div> <div class="page-nav-wapper"><div class="page-nav-centre-wrap"><a href="/blog/pages/32c35f7651d6e58e/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-prev"><div class="tooltip">读懂 ECMAScript 规格</div></a> <a href="/blog/pages/a2ba314746bfdbdd/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-next"><div class="tooltip">ArrayBuffer</div></a></div> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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  309.             Git修改分支名
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