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href="/blog/pages/1cf50330655efc69/#配对操作" class="sidebar-link">配对操作</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/1cf50330655efc69/#参考链接" class="sidebar-link">参考链接</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/6a8e2dc558da1b39/" class="sidebar-link">Mixin</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/8e8f80f69b775a56/" class="sidebar-link">SIMD</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/ea6f3b870f6dab69/" class="sidebar-link">参考链接</a></li></ul> </aside> <div><main class="page"><div class="theme-vdoing-wrapper "><div class="articleInfo-wrap" data-v-06970110><div class="articleInfo" data-v-06970110><ul class="breadcrumbs" data-v-06970110><li data-v-06970110><a href="/blog/" title="首页" class="iconfont icon-home router-link-active" data-v-06970110></a></li> <li data-v-06970110><a href="/blog/note/es6/#《ES6 教程》笔记" data-v-06970110>《ES6 教程》笔记</a></li></ul> <div class="info" data-v-06970110><div title="作者" class="author iconfont icon-touxiang" data-v-06970110><a href="javascript:;" data-v-06970110>阮一峰</a></div> <div title="创建时间" class="date iconfont icon-riqi" data-v-06970110><a href="javascript:;" data-v-06970110>2020-02-09</a></div> <!----></div></div></div> <!----> <div class="content-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-margin"><div class="right-menu-title">目录</div> <div class="right-menu-content"></div></div></div> <h1><img src="data:image/png;base64,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">函数式编程<!----></h1>  <div class="theme-vdoing-content content__default"><h1 id="函数式编程"><a href="#函数式编程" class="header-anchor">#</a> 函数式编程</h1> <p>JavaScript 语言从一诞生，就具有函数式编程的烙印。它将函数作为一种独立的数据类型，与其他数据类型处于完全平等的地位。在 JavaScript 语言中，你可以采用面向对象编程，也可以采用函数式编程。有人甚至说，JavaScript 是有史以来第一种被大规模采用的函数式编程语言。

ES6 的种种新增功能，使得函数式编程变得更方便、更强大。本章介绍 ES6 如何进行函数式编程。</p> <h2 id="柯里化"><a href="#柯里化" class="header-anchor">#</a> 柯里化</h2> <p><strong>柯里化（currying）指的是将一个多参数的函数拆分成一系列函数，每个拆分后的函数都只接受一个参数</strong>（unary）。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">add</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">return</span> a <span class="token operator">+</span> b<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// 2</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码中，函数<code>add</code>接受两个参数<code>a</code>和<code>b</code>。</p> <p>柯里化就是将上面的函数拆分成两个函数，每个函数都只接受一个参数。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">add</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">a</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">b</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> a <span class="token operator">+</span> b<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">// 或者采用箭头函数写法</span>
<span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">add</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token parameter">x</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token parameter">y</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> x <span class="token operator">+</span> y<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">const</span> f <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">f</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// 2</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码中，函数<code>add</code>只接受一个参数<code>a</code>，返回一个函数<code>f</code>。函数<code>f</code>也只接受一个参数<code>b</code>。</p> <h2 id="函数合成"><a href="#函数合成" class="header-anchor">#</a> 函数合成</h2> <p>函数合成（function composition）指的是，将多个函数合成一个函数。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">compose</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token parameter">f</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token parameter">g</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token parameter">x</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">f</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">g</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">const</span> f <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">compose</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">x</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> x <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">x</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> x <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">f</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// 20</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码中，<code>compose</code>就是一个函数合成器，用于将两个函数合成一个函数。</p> <p>可以发现，柯里化与函数合成有着密切的联系。前者用于将一个函数拆成多个函数，后者用于将多个函数合并成一个函数。</p> <h2 id="参数倒置"><a href="#参数倒置" class="header-anchor">#</a> 参数倒置</h2> <p>参数倒置（flip）指的是改变函数前两个参数的顺序。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> <span class="token function-variable function">divide</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> a <span class="token operator">/</span> b<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">var</span> flip <span class="token operator">=</span> f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">flip</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>divide<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">flip</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// 0.5</span>
<span class="token function">flip</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// 10</span>

<span class="token keyword">var</span> <span class="token function-variable function">three</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b<span class="token punctuation">,</span> c</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b<span class="token punctuation">,</span> c<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">var</span> flip <span class="token operator">=</span> f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">flip</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>three<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">flip</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// =&gt; [2, 1, 3]</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码中，如果按照正常的参数顺序，10 除以 5 等于 2。但是，参数倒置以后得到的新函数，结果就是 5 除以 10，结果得到 0.5。如果原函数有 3 个参数，则只颠倒前两个参数的位置。</p> <p>参数倒置的代码非常简单。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> f <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function-variable function">flip</span> <span class="token operator">=</span>
  <span class="token parameter">fn</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">...</span>args</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">fn</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>b<span class="token punctuation">,</span> a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">...</span>args<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reverse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><h2 id="执行边界"><a href="#执行边界" class="header-anchor">#</a> 执行边界</h2> <p>执行边界（until）指的是函数执行到满足条件为止。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token function-variable function">condition</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token parameter">x</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> x <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> <span class="token function-variable function">inc</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token parameter">x</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> x <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> until <span class="token operator">=</span> f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">until</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>condition<span class="token punctuation">,</span> inc<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">until</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// 101</span>

<span class="token function-variable function">condition</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token parameter">x</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> x <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
until <span class="token operator">=</span> f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">until</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>condition<span class="token punctuation">,</span> inc<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">until</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// 5</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码中，第一段的条件是执行到<code>x</code>大于 100 为止，所以<code>x</code>初值为 0 时，会一直执行到 101。第二段的条件是执行到等于 5 为止，所以<code>x</code>最后的值是 5。</p> <p>执行边界的实现如下。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> f <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function-variable function">until</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">condition<span class="token punctuation">,</span> f</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token operator">...</span>args</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">var</span> r <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">f</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">apply</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> args<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">condition</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>r<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> r <span class="token operator">:</span> f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">until</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>condition<span class="token punctuation">,</span> f<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>r<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码的关键就是，如果满足条件就返回结果，否则不断递归执行。</p> <h2 id="队列操作"><a href="#队列操作" class="header-anchor">#</a> 队列操作</h2> <p>队列（list）操作包括以下几种。</p> <ul><li><code>head</code>： 取出队列的第一个非空成员。</li> <li><code>last</code>： 取出有限队列的最后一个非空成员。</li> <li><code>tail</code>： 取出除了“队列头”以外的其他非空成员。</li> <li><code>init</code>： 取出除了“队列尾”以外的其他非空成员。</li></ul> <p>下面是例子。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code>f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">head</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">27</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// 5</span>
f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">last</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">27</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// 1</span>
f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">tail</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">27</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// [27, 3, 1]</span>
f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">27</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// [5, 27, 3]</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>这些方法的实现如下。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> f <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function-variable function">head</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token operator">...</span>xs</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> xs<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function-variable function">last</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token operator">...</span>xs</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> xs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function-variable function">tail</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token operator">...</span>xs</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token class-name">Array</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>prototype<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">slice</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">call</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>xs<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function-variable function">init</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token operator">...</span>xs</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> xs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><h2 id="合并操作"><a href="#合并操作" class="header-anchor">#</a> 合并操作</h2> <p>合并操作分为<code>concat</code>和<code>concatMap</code>两种。前者就是将多个数组合成一个，后者则是先处理一下参数，然后再将处理结果合成一个数组。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code>f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">concat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">27</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// [5, 27, 3]</span>
f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">concatMap</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">x</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token string">'hi '</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> x<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// ['hi 1', 'hi 2', 'hi 3']</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p>这两种方法的实现代码如下。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> f <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function-variable function">concat</span> <span class="token operator">=</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token operator">...</span>xs</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> xs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> a<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">concat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>b<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function-variable function">concatMap</span> <span class="token operator">=</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">f<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">...</span>xs</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">concat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>xs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>f<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><h2 id="配对操作"><a href="#配对操作" class="header-anchor">#</a> 配对操作</h2> <p>配对操作分为<code>zip</code>和<code>zipWith</code>两种方法。<code>zip</code>操作将两个队列的成员，一一配对，合成一个新的队列。如果两个队列不等长，较长的那个队列多出来的成员，会被忽略。<code>zipWith</code>操作的第一个参数是一个函数，然后会将后面的队列成员一一配对，输入该函数，返回值就组成一个新的队列。</p> <p>下面是例子。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> a <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> b <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> c <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">zip</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// [[0, 3], [1, 4], [2, 5]]</span>
f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">zipWith</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> a <span class="token operator">+</span> b<span class="token punctuation">,</span> a<span class="token punctuation">,</span> b<span class="token punctuation">,</span> c<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// [9, 12, 15]</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码中，<code>zipWith</code>方法的第一个参数是一个求和函数，它将后面三个队列的成员，一一配对进行相加。</p> <p>这两个方法的实现如下。</p> <div class="language-javascript line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-javascript"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> f <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function-variable function">zip</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter"><span class="token operator">...</span>xs</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">let</span> r <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">let</span> nple <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">let</span> length <span class="token operator">=</span> Math<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">min</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">apply</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> xs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">x</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> x<span class="token punctuation">.</span>length<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

  <span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">var</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> length<span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    xs<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
      <span class="token parameter">x</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> nple<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>x<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    r<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>nple<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    nple <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

  <span class="token keyword">return</span> r<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function-variable function">zipWith</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">op<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">...</span>xs</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span>
  f<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">zip</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">apply</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> xs<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">x</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> x<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>op<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><h2 id="参考链接"><a href="#参考链接" class="header-anchor">#</a> 参考链接</h2> <ul><li>Mateo Gianolio, <a href="http://casualjavascript.com/?1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Haskell in ES6: Part 1<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li></ul></div></div>  <div class="page-edit"><div class="edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/heBody/blog/edit/master/docs/《ES6 教程》笔记/31.函数式编程.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">编辑</a> <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></div> <div class="tags"><a href="/blog/tags/?tag=ES6" title="标签">#ES6</a></div> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">上次更新:</span> <span class="time">2022/12/14, 19:36:42</span></div></div> <div class="page-nav-wapper"><div class="page-nav-centre-wrap"><a href="/blog/pages/e97bc1e5626b082c/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-prev"><div class="tooltip">装饰器</div></a> <a href="/blog/pages/6a8e2dc558da1b39/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-next"><div class="tooltip">Mixin</div></a></div> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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