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  21.     <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></nav></div></header> <div class="sidebar-mask"></div> <div class="sidebar-hover-trigger"></div> <aside class="sidebar" style="display:none;"><div class="blogger"><img src="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/gh/xugaoyi/image_store/blog/20200103123203.jpg"> <div class="blogger-info"><h3>彪哥</h3> <span>爱好前端</span></div></div> <nav class="nav-links"><div class="nav-item"><a href="/blog/" class="nav-link">首页</a></div><div class="nav-item"><a href="http://fseller.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="nav-link external">
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  25.     <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></nav>  <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>核心概念</span> <span class="arrow down"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/blog/pages/5df969/" class="sidebar-link">JSX简介</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/b5d372/" class="sidebar-link">元素渲染</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/9ac43a/" class="sidebar-link">组件&amp;Props</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/1e3ca2/" class="sidebar-link">State&amp;生命周期</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/f27775/" class="sidebar-link">事件处理</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/8fcda8/" class="sidebar-link">条件渲染</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/88f4b0/" class="sidebar-link">列表&amp;Key</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/002db7/" aria-current="page" class="active sidebar-link">表单</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/002db7/#受控组件-双向数据绑定" class="sidebar-link">受控组件（双向数据绑定）</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/002db7/#textarea-标签-使用value定义值" class="sidebar-link">textarea 标签（使用value定义值）</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/002db7/#select-标签-value代替选中属性" class="sidebar-link">select 标签 （value代替选中属性）</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/blog/pages/002db7/#select多选" class="sidebar-link">select多选</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/blog/pages/002db7/#小总结" class="sidebar-link">小总结</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/002db7/#文件-input-标签-非受控组件" class="sidebar-link">文件 input 标签 （非受控组件）</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/002db7/#处理多个输入" class="sidebar-link">处理多个输入</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/002db7/#受控输入空值" class="sidebar-link">受控输入空值</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/002db7/#受控组件的替代品-非受控组件" class="sidebar-link">受控组件的替代品 (非受控组件)</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/002db7/#成熟的解决方案" class="sidebar-link">成熟的解决方案</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/f0e3d2/" class="sidebar-link">状态提升 (共享状态)</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/9ae8e8/" class="sidebar-link">组合vs继承</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/c689bf/" class="sidebar-link">React哲学</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>高级指引</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Hook</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>案例演示</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul> </aside> <div><main class="page"><div class="theme-vdoing-wrapper "><div class="articleInfo-wrap" data-v-06225672><div class="articleInfo" data-v-06225672><ul class="breadcrumbs" data-v-06225672><li data-v-06225672><a href="/blog/" title="首页" class="iconfont icon-home router-link-active" data-v-06225672></a></li> <li data-v-06225672><a href="/blog/note/react/#《React》笔记" data-v-06225672>《React》笔记</a></li><li data-v-06225672><a href="/blog/note/react/#核心概念" data-v-06225672>核心概念</a></li></ul> <div class="info" data-v-06225672><div title="作者" class="author iconfont 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src="data:image/png;base64,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">表单<!----></h1>  <div class="theme-vdoing-content content__default"><h1 id="_08-表单"><a href="#_08-表单" class="header-anchor">#</a> 08. 表单</h1> <h2 id="受控组件-双向数据绑定"><a href="#受控组件-双向数据绑定" class="header-anchor">#</a> 受控组件（双向数据绑定）</h2> <p>在 HTML 中，表单元素（如<code>&lt;input&gt;</code>、 <code>&lt;textarea&gt;</code> 和 <code>&lt;select&gt;</code>）通常自己维护 state，并根据用户输入进行更新。而在 React 中，可变状态（mutable state）通常保存在组件的 state 属性中，并且只能通过使用 <a href="https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/react-component.html#setstate" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>setState()</code><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>来更新。</p> <p>我们可以把两者结合起来，使 React 的 state 成为“唯一数据源”。渲染表单的 React 组件还控制着用户输入过程中表单发生的操作。被 React 以这种方式控制取值的表单输入元素就叫做“受控组件”。</p> <p>例如，如果我们想让前一个示例在提交时打印出名称，我们可以将表单写为受控组件：</p> <div class="language-jsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-jsx"><code><span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Name</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">React<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Component</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    26. 

  26.   <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">props</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    27. 

  27.     <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>props<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    28. 

  28.     <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token literal-property property">value</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">''</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    29. 

  29. 

  30.     <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>handleChange <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">handleChange</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">bind</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    31. 

  31.     <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>handleSubmit <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">handleSubmit</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">bind</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    32. 

  32.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    33. 

  33. 

  34.   <span class="token function">handleChange</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">event</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    35. 

  35.     <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token literal-property property">value</span><span class="token operator">:</span> event<span class="token punctuation">.</span>target<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    36. 

  36.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    37. 

  37. 

  38.   <span class="token function">handleSubmit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">event</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    39. 

  39.     <span class="token function">alert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    40. 

  40.     event<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">preventDefault</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    41. 

  41.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    42. 

  42. 

  43.   <span class="token function">render</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    44. 

  44.     <span class="token keyword">return</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    45. 

  45.      <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>form</span> <span class="token attr-name">onSubmit</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>handleSubmit<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    46. 

  46.         </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>label</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    47. 

  47.           名字:
    48. 

  48.           </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>text<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">onChange</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>handleChange<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    49. 

  49.         </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>label</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    50. 

  50.         </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>submit<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>提交<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    51. 

  51.       </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    52. 

  52.     <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    53. 

  53.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    54. 

  54. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    55. 

  55. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br></div></div><blockquote><p>类似于vue中的双向绑定，v-model</p></blockquote> <h2 id="textarea-标签-使用value定义值"><a href="#textarea-标签-使用value定义值" class="header-anchor">#</a> textarea 标签（使用value定义值）</h2> <p>在 HTML 中, <code>&lt;textarea&gt;</code> 元素通过其子元素定义其文本:</p> <div class="language-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>textarea</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    56. 

  56.   你好， 这是在 text area 里的文本
    57. 

  57. <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>textarea</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    58. 

  58. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p><strong>在 React 中，<code>&lt;textarea&gt;</code> 使用 <code>value</code> 属性赋值</strong>。这样，可以使得使用 <code>&lt;textarea&gt;</code> 的表单和使用单行 input 的表单非常类似：</p> <div class="language-jsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-jsx"><code><span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">EssayForm</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">React<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Component</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    59. 

  59.   <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">props</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    60. 

  60.     <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>props<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    61. 

  61.     <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    62. 

  62.       <span class="token literal-property property">value</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'请撰写一篇关于你喜欢的 DOM 元素的文章.'</span>
    63. 

  63.     <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    64. 

  64.     <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>handleChange <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">handleChange</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">bind</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    65. 

  65.     <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>handleSubmit <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">handleSubmit</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">bind</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    66. 

  66.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    67. 

  67. 

  68.   <span class="token function">handleChange</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">event</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    69. 

  69.     <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token literal-property property">value</span><span class="token operator">:</span> event<span class="token punctuation">.</span>target<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    70. 

  70.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    71. 

  71.   <span class="token function">handleSubmit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">event</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    72. 

  72.     <span class="token function">alert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'提交的文章: '</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    73. 

  73.     event<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">preventDefault</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    74. 

  74.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    75. 

  75. 

  76.   <span class="token function">render</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    77. 

  77.     <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    78. 

  78.       <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>form</span> <span class="token attr-name">onSubmit</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>handleSubmit<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    79. 

  79.         </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>label</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    80. 

  80.           文章:
    81. 

  81.           </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>textarea</span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">onChange</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>handleChange<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">        </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>label</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    82. 

  82.         </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>submit<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>提交<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    83. 

  83.       </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    84. 

  84.     <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    85. 

  85.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    86. 

  86. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    87. 

  87. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br></div></div><p><strong>注意，<code>this.state.value</code> 初始化于构造函数中，因此文本区域默认有初值</strong></p> <h2 id="select-标签-value代替选中属性"><a href="#select-标签-value代替选中属性" class="header-anchor">#</a> select 标签 （value代替选中属性）</h2> <p><strong>React 在根 <code>select</code> 标签上使用 <code>value</code> 属性代替<code>option</code>元素上的<code>selected</code> 属性（选中属性）</strong></p> <p>在 HTML 中，<code>&lt;select&gt;</code> 创建下拉列表标签。例如，如下 HTML 创建了水果相关的下拉列表：</p> <div class="language-jsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-jsx"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>select</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    88. 

  88.   </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>option</span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>grapefruit<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">葡萄柚</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>option</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    89. 

  89.   </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>option</span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>lime<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">酸橙</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>option</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    90. 

  90.   </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>option</span> <span class="token attr-name">selected</span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>coconut<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">椰子</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>option</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    91. 

  91.   </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>option</span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>mango<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">芒果</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>option</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    92. 

  92. </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>select</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    93. 

  93. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p>请注意，由于 <code>selected</code> 属性的缘故，椰子选项默认被选中。<strong>React 并不会使用 <code>selected</code> 属性，而是在根 <code>select</code> 标签上使用 <code>value</code> 属性</strong>。这在受控组件中更便捷，因为您只需要在根标签中更新它。例如：</p> <div class="language-jsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-jsx"><code><span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">FlavorForm</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">React<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Component</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    94. 

  94.   <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">props</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    95. 

  95.     <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>props<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    96. 

  96.     <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token literal-property property">value</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'coconut'</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    97. 

  97. 

  98.     <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>handleChange <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">handleChange</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">bind</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    99. 

  99.     <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>handleSubmit <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">handleSubmit</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">bind</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    100. 

  100.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    101. 

  101. 

  102.   <span class="token function">handleChange</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">event</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    103. 

  103.     <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token literal-property property">value</span><span class="token operator">:</span> event<span class="token punctuation">.</span>target<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    104. 

  104.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    105. 

  105. 

  106.   <span class="token function">handleSubmit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">event</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    107. 

  107.     <span class="token function">alert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'你喜欢的风味是: '</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    108. 

  108.     event<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">preventDefault</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    109. 

  109.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    110. 

  110. 

  111.   <span class="token function">render</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    112. 

  112.     <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    113. 

  113.       <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>form</span> <span class="token attr-name">onSubmit</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>handleSubmit<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    114. 

  114.         </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>label</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    115. 

  115.           选择你喜欢的风味:
    116. 

  116.           </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>select</span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">onChange</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>handleChange<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    117. 

  117.             </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>option</span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>grapefruit<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">葡萄柚</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>option</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    118. 

  118.             </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>option</span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>lime<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">酸橙</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>option</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    119. 

  119.             </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>option</span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>coconut<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">椰子</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>option</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    120. 

  120.             </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>option</span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>mango<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">芒果</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>option</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    121. 

  121.           </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>select</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    122. 

  122.         </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>label</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    123. 

  123.         </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>submit<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>提交<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    124. 

  124.       </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    125. 

  125.     <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    126. 

  126.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    127. 

  127. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    128. 

  128. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br></div></div><h3 id="select多选"><a href="#select多选" class="header-anchor">#</a> select多选</h3> <p>你可以将数组传递到 <code>value</code> 属性中，以支持在 <code>select</code> 标签中选择多个选项：</p> <div class="language-jsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-jsx"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>select</span> <span class="token attr-name">multiple</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'B'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'C'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    129. 

  129. </span></code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><h3 id="小总结"><a href="#小总结" class="header-anchor">#</a> 小总结</h3> <p>总的来说，这使得 <code>&lt;input type=&quot;text&quot;&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;textarea&gt;</code> 和 <code>&lt;select&gt;</code> 之类的标签都非常相似—它们都接受一个 <code>value</code> 属性，你可以使用它来实现受控组件。</p> <h2 id="文件-input-标签-非受控组件"><a href="#文件-input-标签-非受控组件" class="header-anchor">#</a> 文件 input 标签 （非受控组件）</h2> <p>在 HTML 中，<code>&lt;input type=&quot;file&quot;&gt;</code> 允许用户从存储设备中选择一个或多个文件，将其上传到服务器，或通过使用 JavaScript 的 <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/File/Using_files_from_web_applications" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">File API<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 进行控制。</p> <div class="language-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>file<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span>
    130. 

  130. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>因为它的 value 只读，所以它是 React 中的一个<strong>非受控</strong>组件。将与其他非受控组件<a href="https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/uncontrolled-components.html#the-file-input-tag" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">在后续文档中<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>一起讨论。</p> <h2 id="处理多个输入"><a href="#处理多个输入" class="header-anchor">#</a> 处理多个输入</h2> <p>当需要处理多个 <code>input</code> 元素时，我们可以给每个元素添加 <code>name</code> 属性，并让处理函数根据 <code>event.target.name</code> 的值选择要执行的操作。</p> <div class="language-jsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-jsx"><code><span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Reservation</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">React<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Component</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    131. 

  131.   <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">props</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    132. 

  132.     <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>props<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    133. 

  133.     <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    134. 

  134.       <span class="token literal-property property">isGoing</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    135. 

  135.       <span class="token literal-property property">numberOfGuests</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span>
    136. 

  136.     <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    137. 

  137. 

  138.     <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>handleInputChange <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">handleInputChange</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">bind</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    139. 

  139.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    140. 

  140. 

  141.   <span class="token function">handleInputChange</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">event</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    142. 

  142.     <span class="token keyword">const</span> target <span class="token operator">=</span> event<span class="token punctuation">.</span>target<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    143. 

  143.     <span class="token keyword">const</span> value <span class="token operator">=</span> target<span class="token punctuation">.</span>type <span class="token operator">===</span> <span class="token string">'checkbox'</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> target<span class="token punctuation">.</span>checked <span class="token operator">:</span> target<span class="token punctuation">.</span>value<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    144. 

  144.     <span class="token keyword">const</span> name <span class="token operator">=</span> target<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    145. 

  145. 

  146.     <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    147. 

  147.       <span class="token comment">// ES6 计算属性名称</span>
    148. 

  148.       <span class="token punctuation">[</span>name<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token operator">:</span> value
    149. 

  149.     <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    150. 

  150.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    151. 

  151. 

  152.   <span class="token function">render</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    153. 

  153.     <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    154. 

  154.       <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    155. 

  155.         </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>label</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    156. 

  156.           参与:
    157. 

  157.           </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>input</span>
    158. 

  158.             <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>isGoing<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span>
    159. 

  159.             <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>checkbox<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span>
    160. 

  160.             <span class="token attr-name">checked</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>isGoing<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span>
    161. 

  161.             <span class="token attr-name">onChange</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>handleInputChange<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    162. 

  162.         </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>label</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    163. 

  163.         </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>br</span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    164. 

  164.         </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>label</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    165. 

  165.           来宾人数:
    166. 

  166.           </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>input</span>
    167. 

  167.             <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>numberOfGuests<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span>
    168. 

  168.             <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>number<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span>
    169. 

  169.             <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>numberOfGuests<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span>
    170. 

  170.             <span class="token attr-name">onChange</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>handleInputChange<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    171. 

  171.         </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>label</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    172. 

  172.       </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    173. 

  173.     <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    174. 

  174.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    175. 

  175. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    176. 

  176. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br></div></div><h2 id="受控输入空值"><a href="#受控输入空值" class="header-anchor">#</a> 受控输入空值</h2> <p>在<a href="https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/forms.html#controlled-components" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">受控组件<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>上指定 value 的 prop 会阻止用户更改输入。如果你指定了 <code>value</code>，但输入仍可编辑，则可能是你意外地将<code>value</code> 设置为 <code>undefined</code> 或 <code>null</code>。</p> <p>下面的代码演示了这一点。（输入最初被锁定，但在短时间延迟后变为可编辑。）</p> <div class="language-jsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-jsx"><code>ReactDOM<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">render</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>hi<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mountNode<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    177. 

  177. 

  178. <span class="token function">setTimeout</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    179. 

  179.   ReactDOM<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">render</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">value</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/&gt;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> mountNode<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    180. 

  180. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">1000</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    181. 

  181. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><h2 id="受控组件的替代品-非受控组件"><a href="#受控组件的替代品-非受控组件" class="header-anchor">#</a> 受控组件的替代品 (非受控组件)</h2> <p>有时使用受控组件会很麻烦，因为<strong>你需要为数据变化的每种方式都编写事件处理函数，并通过一个 React 组件传递所有的输入 state</strong>。当你将之前的代码库转换为 React 或将 React 应用程序与非 React 库集成时，这可能会令人厌烦。在这些情况下，你可能希望使用<a href="https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/uncontrolled-components.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">非受控组件<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>, 这是实现输入表单的另一种方式。</p> <h2 id="成熟的解决方案"><a href="#成熟的解决方案" class="header-anchor">#</a> 成熟的解决方案</h2> <p>如果你想寻找包含验证、追踪访问字段以及处理表单提交的完整解决方案，使用 <a href="https://jaredpalmer.com/formik" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Formik<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 是不错的选择。然而，它也是建立在受控组件和管理 state 的基础之上 —— 所以不要忽视学习它们。</p></div></div>  <div class="page-edit"><div class="edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/heBody/blog/edit/master/docs/《React》笔记/01.核心概念/08.表单.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">编辑</a> <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></div> <div class="tags"><a href="/blog/tags/?tag=React" title="标签">#React</a></div> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">上次更新:</span> <span class="time">2022/12/14, 19:36:42</span></div></div> <div class="page-nav-wapper"><div class="page-nav-centre-wrap"><a href="/blog/pages/88f4b0/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-prev"><div class="tooltip">列表&amp;Key</div></a> <a href="/blog/pages/f0e3d2/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-next"><div class="tooltip">状态提升 (共享状态)</div></a></div> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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