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  19.   <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="前端" class="dropdown-title"><a href="/blog/web/" class="link-title">前端</a> <span class="title" style="display:none;">前端</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><h4>前端文章</h4> <ul class="dropdown-subitem-wrapper"><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/pages/8143cc480faf9a11/" class="nav-link">JavaScript</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown-item"><h4>学习笔记</h4> <ul class="dropdown-subitem-wrapper"><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/note/javascript/" class="nav-link">《JavaScript教程》</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/note/js/" aria-current="page" class="nav-link router-link-exact-active router-link-active">《JavaScript高级程序设计》</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/note/es6/" class="nav-link">《ES6 教程》</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/note/vue/" class="nav-link">《Vue》</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/note/react/" class="nav-link">《React》</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/note/typescript-axios/" class="nav-link">《TypeScript 从零实现 axios》</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/note/git/" class="nav-link">《Git》</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/pages/51afd6/" class="nav-link">TypeScript</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/pages/4643cd/" class="nav-link">JS设计模式总结</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="页面" class="dropdown-title"><a href="/blog/ui/" class="link-title">页面</a> <span class="title" style="display:none;">页面</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/8309a5b876fc95e3/" class="nav-link">HTML</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/0a83b083bdf257cb/" class="nav-link">CSS</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="技术" class="dropdown-title"><a href="/blog/technology/" class="link-title">技术</a> <span class="title" style="display:none;">技术</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/9a7ee40fc232253e/" class="nav-link">技术文档</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/4c778760be26d8b3/" class="nav-link">GitHub技巧</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/117708e0af7f0bd9/" class="nav-link">Nodejs</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/41f87d890d0a02af/" class="nav-link">博客搭建</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="更多" class="dropdown-title"><a href="/blog/more/" class="link-title">更多</a> <span class="title" style="display:none;">更多</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/f2a556/" class="nav-link">学习</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/aea6571b7a8bae86/" class="nav-link">面试</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/2d615df9a36a98ed/" class="nav-link">心情杂货</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/baaa02/" class="nav-link">实用技巧</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/friends/" class="nav-link">友情链接</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><a href="/blog/about/" class="nav-link">关于</a></div><div class="nav-item"><a href="/blog/pages/beb6c0bd8a66cea6/" class="nav-link">收藏</a></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="索引" class="dropdown-title"><a href="/blog/archives/" class="link-title">索引</a> <span class="title" style="display:none;">索引</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/categories/" class="nav-link">分类</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/tags/" class="nav-link">标签</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/archives/" class="nav-link">归档</a></li></ul></div></div> <a href="https://github.com/heBody/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="repo-link">
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  25.     <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></nav>  <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>JavaScript文章</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>学习笔记</span> <span class="arrow down"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/blog/note/javascript/" class="sidebar-link">《JavaScript教程》笔记</a></li><li><a href="/blog/note/js/" aria-current="page" class="active sidebar-link">《JavaScript高级程序设计》笔记</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第1章-javascript简介" class="sidebar-link">第1章  JavaScript简介</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第2章-在html中使用javascript" class="sidebar-link">第2章 在HTML中使用JavaScript</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第3章-基本概念" class="sidebar-link">第3章 基本概念</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第4章-变量、作用域和内存问题" class="sidebar-link">第4章 变量、作用域和内存问题</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第5章-引用类型" class="sidebar-link">第5章 引用类型</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/blog/note/js/#array类型" class="sidebar-link">Array类型</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level4"><a href="/blog/note/js/#join-转换方法-不改原数组" class="sidebar-link">join() 转换方法 (不改原数组)</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level4"><a href="/blog/note/js/#栈方法-后进先出-push-、pop-改变原数组" class="sidebar-link">栈方法，后进先出 push() 、pop()      (改变原数组)</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level4"><a href="/blog/note/js/#队列方法-先进先出-push-、shift-、unshift-改变原数组" class="sidebar-link">队列方法，先进先出  push()、shift()   、unshift() (改变原数组)</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level4"><a href="/blog/note/js/#重排序方法-reverse-反转-sort-排序-改变原数组" class="sidebar-link">重排序方法 reverse() 反转  sort() 排序   （改变原数组）</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level4"><a href="/blog/note/js/#操作方法-concat-拼接-slice-切片-splice-移接" class="sidebar-link">操作方法 concat() 拼接，slice() 切片，splice() 移接</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level4"><a href="/blog/note/js/#位置方法-indexof-、lastindexof" class="sidebar-link">位置方法 indexOf()、lastIndexOf()</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level4"><a href="/blog/note/js/#迭代方法-every-、some-、filter-、map-、foreach-都不会改变原数组" class="sidebar-link">迭代方法 every()、some() 、filter()、map() 、forEach()  （都不会改变原数组）</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level4"><a href="/blog/note/js/#归并方法-reduce-reduceright" class="sidebar-link">归并方法 reduce()  reduceRight()</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第6章-面向对象的程序设计" class="sidebar-link">第6章 面向对象的程序设计</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/blog/note/js/#_6-1-理解对象" class="sidebar-link">6.1 理解对象</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level4"><a href="/blog/note/js/#_6-1-1-对象的属性" class="sidebar-link">6.1.1 对象的属性</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level5"><a href="/blog/note/js/#_1-数据属性" class="sidebar-link">1.数据属性</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level5"><a href="/blog/note/js/#_2-访问器属性" class="sidebar-link">2.访问器属性</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level4"><a href="/blog/note/js/#_6-1-2-定义多个属性" class="sidebar-link">6.1.2 定义多个属性</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level4"><a href="/blog/note/js/#_6-1-3-读取属性的特性-描述符对象" class="sidebar-link">6.1.3 读取属性的特性（描述符对象）</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/blog/note/js/#_6-2-创建对象" class="sidebar-link">6.2 创建对象</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level4"><a href="/blog/note/js/#_6-2-1-工厂模式" class="sidebar-link">6.2.1 工厂模式</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第7章-函数表达式" class="sidebar-link">第7章 函数表达式</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第8章-bom" class="sidebar-link">第8章 BOM</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第9章-客户端检测" class="sidebar-link">第9章 客户端检测</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第10章-dom" class="sidebar-link">第10章 DOM</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第11章-dom扩展" class="sidebar-link">第11章 DOM扩展</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第12章-dom2和dom3" class="sidebar-link">第12章 DOM2和DOM3</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第13章-事件" class="sidebar-link">第13章 事件</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第14章-表单脚本" class="sidebar-link">第14章 表单脚本</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第15章-使用canvas绘图" class="sidebar-link">第15章 使用Canvas绘图</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第16章-html5脚本编程" class="sidebar-link">第16章 HTML5脚本编程</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第17章-错误处理与调试" class="sidebar-link">第17章 错误处理与调试</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第18章-javascript与xml" class="sidebar-link">第18章 JavaScript与XML</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第19章-e4x" class="sidebar-link">第19章 E4X</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第20章-json" class="sidebar-link">第20章 JSON</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第21章-ajax与comet" class="sidebar-link">第21章 Ajax与Comet</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第22章-高级技巧" class="sidebar-link">第22章 高级技巧</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第23章-离线应用与客户端存储" class="sidebar-link">第23章 离线应用与客户端存储</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第24章-最佳实践" class="sidebar-link">第24章 最佳实践</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/note/js/#第25章-新兴的api" class="sidebar-link">第25章 新兴的API</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/blog/note/es6/" class="sidebar-link">《ES6 教程》笔记</a></li><li><a href="/blog/note/vue/" class="sidebar-link">《Vue》笔记</a></li><li><a href="/blog/note/react/" class="sidebar-link">《React》笔记</a></li><li><a href="/blog/note/typescript-axios/" class="sidebar-link">《TypeScript 从零实现 axios》</a></li><li><a href="/blog/note/git/" class="sidebar-link">《Git》学习笔记</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/51afd6/" class="sidebar-link">TypeScript笔记</a></li><li><a href="/blog/note/wx-miniprogram/" class="sidebar-link">小程序笔记</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/4643cd/" class="sidebar-link">JS设计模式总结笔记</a></li></ul></section></li></ul> </aside> <div><main class="page"><div class="theme-vdoing-wrapper "><div class="articleInfo-wrap" data-v-06970110><div class="articleInfo" data-v-06970110><ul class="breadcrumbs" data-v-06970110><li data-v-06970110><a href="/blog/" title="首页" class="iconfont icon-home router-link-active" data-v-06970110></a></li> <li data-v-06970110><a href="/blog/web/#前端" data-v-06970110>前端</a></li><li data-v-06970110><a href="/blog/web/#学习笔记" data-v-06970110>学习笔记</a></li></ul> <div class="info" data-v-06970110><div title="作者" class="author iconfont icon-touxiang" data-v-06970110><a href="https://github.com/heBody" target="_blank" title="作者" class="beLink" data-v-06970110>heBody</a></div> <div title="创建时间" class="date iconfont icon-riqi" data-v-06970110><a href="javascript:;" data-v-06970110>2020-06-12</a></div> <!----></div></div></div> <!----> <div class="content-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-margin"><div class="right-menu-title">目录</div> <div class="right-menu-content"></div></div></div> <h1><img src="data:image/png;base64,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">《JavaScript高级程序设计》笔记<!----></h1>  <div class="theme-vdoing-content content__default"><h1 id="《javascript高级程序设计》笔记"><a href="#《javascript高级程序设计》笔记" class="header-anchor">#</a> 《JavaScript高级程序设计》笔记</h1> <h2 id="第1章-javascript简介"><a href="#第1章-javascript简介" class="header-anchor">#</a> 第1章  JavaScript简介</h2> <ul><li><p>JavaScript诞生于<strong>1995</strong>年</p></li> <li><p>一个完整的JavaScript由这三部分组成：</p> <ul><li><strong>ECMAScript</strong> (核心)</li> <li><strong>DOM</strong> (文档对象模型)</li> <li><strong>BOM</strong> (浏览器对象模型)</li></ul></li> <li><p>ECMAScript的 <strong>宿主环境</strong> 包含 ：</p> <ul><li>浏览器</li> <li>Node</li> <li>flash</li></ul></li> <li><p>ECMAScript大致规定了下列组成部分：</p> <ul><li>语法</li> <li>类型</li> <li>语句</li> <li>关键字</li> <li>保留字</li> <li>操作符</li> <li>对象</li></ul></li></ul> <h2 id="第2章-在html中使用javascript"><a href="#第2章-在html中使用javascript" class="header-anchor">#</a> 第2章 在HTML中使用JavaScript</h2> <ul><li><code>&lt;script&gt;</code> 标签有下列常见属性：
    26. 

  26. <ul><li>async 表示立即下载脚本，不妨碍页面的其他操作（异步下载）
    27. 

  27. <ul><li>无法保证每个js的顺序</li> <li>用于互不依赖的js</li> <li>主要目的是不让页面等js</li></ul></li> <li>defer 延迟到文档完全解析和显示之后在执行
    28. 

  28. <ul><li>在<code>&lt;/html&gt;</code>标签之后执行</li></ul></li> <li>src 外部文件链接</li> <li>type 表示编写代码使用的脚本语言的内容类型
    29. 

  29. <ul><li><code>text/javascript</code></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <h2 id="第3章-基本概念"><a href="#第3章-基本概念" class="header-anchor">#</a> 第3章 基本概念</h2> <ul><li><p>语法，借鉴了C语言</p> <ul><li><strong>区分大小写</strong></li> <li><strong>标识符</strong>，指的是<strong>变量、函数、属性</strong>的名字
    30. 

  30. <ul><li>第一个字符必须是 字母、下划线、或美元符号</li> <li>其他字符可以是字母、下划线、美元符号或数字</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><p>严格模式</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token string">&quot;use strict&quot;</span>
    31. 

  31. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div></li> <li><p>数据类型</p> <ul><li>基本数据类型
    32. 

  32. <ul><li>Undefined、Null、Boolean、Number、String</li> <li><code>typeof</code>操作符，一般用于基本类型的检测，返回相应类型的字符串
    33. 

  33. <ul><li>“undefined”,&quot;boolean&quot;,&quot;string&quot;,&quot;number&quot;,&quot;object&quot;,&quot;function&quot;</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>复杂数据类型
    34. 

  34. <ul><li>Object</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><p><code>Null</code>类型</p> <ul><li>表示<strong>空对象指针</strong></li> <li>只要意在保存对象的变量还没有真正保证对象，则保存<code>null</code></li> <li><code>undefined</code>派生自<code>null</code>，因此用<code>==</code>比较返回<code>true</code></li></ul></li> <li><p>浮点数，指的是数值中包含一个小数点，并且小数点后面至少有一位数字</p></li> <li><p>NaN</p> <ul><li>任何涉及NaN的操作都返回<code>NaN</code></li> <li><code>NaN</code>与任何值都不相等，包括<code>NaN</code>本身</li></ul></li> <li><p>数值转换</p> <ul><li>有3个函数可以把非数值转换为数值
    35. 

  35. <ul><li>Number() 可以用于任何数据类型</li> <li>parseInt() 专门用于字符串转数值，用于解析整数</li> <li>parseFloat() 专门用于字符串转数值，用于解析浮点数</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><p>字符串</p> <ul><li>数值、布尔值、对象、字符串值本身 都有toString()方法，用于转为字符串</li> <li>undefined和null没有toString()方法，但可以使用String()方法</li></ul></li> <li><p>Object类型</p> <ul><li><p>对象其实就是一组数据与功能的集合</p></li> <li><p>使用Object()构造函数创建对象</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> obj <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Object</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 同 obj = {}</span>
    36. 

  36. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div></li> <li><p>每个对象实例都有下列属性和方法</p> <ul><li><code>constructor</code> 指向用于创建当前对象的构造函数 。（对于上面例子而言，就是<code>Object()</code>）</li> <li><code>hasOwnProperty(propertyName)</code> 用于检查给定属性是否在当前对象实例中</li> <li><code>isPrototypeOf(Object)</code> 用于检查传入的对象是否是当前对象的原型</li> <li><code>propertyIsEnumerable(propertyName)</code> 用于检查给定的属性是否能够使用<code>for-in</code>来枚举</li> <li><code>toLocaleString()</code> 返回对象的字符串表示，该字符串与执行环境的地区对应</li> <li><code>toString()</code> 返回对象的字符串表示</li> <li><code>valueOf()</code> 返回对象的字符串、数值、布尔值表示。通常与<code>toString()</code>返回值相同</li></ul> <p><strong>所有对象都有以上属性和方法</strong></p></li></ul></li> <li><p><strong>操作符</strong></p> <ul><li>一元操作符
    37. 

  37. <ul><li>++</li> <li>--</li> <li>前置与后置的区别是与其他数运算时，前置会先执行递增（减）再与其他数运算，后置会先与其他数运算再对自身执行递增(减)</li></ul></li> <li>布尔操作符
    38. 

  38. <ul><li>与 (&amp;&amp;)
    39. 

  39. <ul><li>短路操作，即如果第一个操作数能决定结果，就不会对第二个操作数求值</li></ul></li> <li>或 (||)
    40. 

  40. <ul><li>短路操作，即如果第一个操作数能决定结果，就不会对第二个操作数求值</li></ul></li> <li>非 (!)
    41. 

  41. <ul><li>先使用Boolean()转成布尔值再取反</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><p><strong>语句</strong>（也称流控制语句）</p> <ul><li><p>if-else</p></li> <li><p>do-while</p> <ul><li><p>后测试循环语句，在对表达式求值之前，循环体内的代码至少会被执行一次</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span>
    42. 

  42. <span class="token keyword">do</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    43. 

  43.     i <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">2</span>
    44. 

  44. <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>  <span class="token comment">// 只要i小于10就会一直循环</span>
    45. 

  45. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div></li></ul></li> <li><p>while</p> <ul><li><p>前测试语句</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span>
    46. 

  46. <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    47. 

  47.     i <span class="token operator">+=</span> <span class="token number">2</span>
    48. 

  48. <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// 只要i小于10就会一直循环</span>
    49. 

  49. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div></li></ul></li> <li><p>for</p> <ul><li><p>使用while循环做不到的，使用for循环同样做不到。就是说，for循环只是把与循环有关的代码集合在一个位置</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">for</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>初始化<span class="token punctuation">;</span>条件<span class="token punctuation">;</span>循环后执行<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    50. 

  50.     <span class="token comment">// ...</span>
    51. 

  51. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    52. 

  52. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div></li> <li><p>break 立即退出循环</p></li> <li><p>continue 退出当前单次循环</p></li></ul></li> <li></li> <li><p>for- in 用来枚举对象的属性</p></li></ul></li> <li><p>函数</p> <ul><li>任何函数都可以在任何时候返回任何值</li> <li>未指定返回值的函数会返回一个undefined</li> <li>通过arguments访问参数，它是一个类数组</li></ul></li></ul> <h2 id="第4章-变量、作用域和内存问题"><a href="#第4章-变量、作用域和内存问题" class="header-anchor">#</a> 第4章 变量、作用域和内存问题</h2> <ul><li><p>变量包含两种类型的值：</p> <ul><li>基本类型值，指的是简单的数据段</li> <li>引用类型值，指的是那些可能由多个值构成的<strong>对象</strong></li></ul></li> <li><p>复制变量值</p> <ul><li>复制基本类型的变量值只是复制了该值的副本</li> <li>复制引用类型的变量值时，同样也会将存储在变量对象的值复制一份放到新变量的空间中，不同的是，这个值的副本实际上是一个指针，而这个指针指向存储在堆中的一个对象。两个变量指向同一个对象。</li></ul></li> <li><p>传递参数</p> <ul><li>所有函数的参数都是按值传递的</li></ul></li> <li><p>检测类型</p> <ul><li><code>typeof</code> 检测基础类型</li> <li><code>instanceof</code>检测引用类型
    53. 

  53. <ul><li>变量 instanceof 构造函数（例：obj instanceof Object）</li> <li>所有引用类型的值都是Object的实例</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><p>执行环境</p> <ul><li>在浏览器中，全局执行环境是<code>window</code>对象</li> <li>每个函数都有自己的<strong>执行环境</strong></li></ul></li> <li><p>作用域链</p> <ul><li>当代码在一个环境中执行时，会创建变量对象的一个<strong>作用域链</strong></li> <li>作用域链的前端，始终是当前执行的代码所在环境的变量对象。</li> <li>作用域链中的下一个变量对象来自包含（外部）环境，而再下一个变量对象则来自下一个包含对象。这样一直延续到全局执行环境。</li> <li>全局执行环境的变量对象始终都是作用域链中的最后一个对象。</li></ul></li> <li><p>垃圾收集</p> <ul><li>JavaScript具有自动垃圾收集机制
    54. 

  54. <ul><li>对于不再使用的变量打上标记，被打上标记的变量将在执行回收时被清除，释放内存空间。</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <h2 id="第5章-引用类型"><a href="#第5章-引用类型" class="header-anchor">#</a> 第5章 引用类型</h2> <ul><li><p>引用类型的值是引用类型的一个实例</p></li> <li><p>引用类型就是一种数据结构，描述了一类对象所具有的属性和方法</p></li> <li><p>创建Object实例的方式有两种：</p> <ul><li><div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> obj <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Object</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    55. 

  55. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div></li> <li><div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> obj <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">// 与 new Object() 相同，但实际不会调用Object构造函数</span>
    56. 

  56. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div></li></ul></li> <li><p>访问对象的属性有两种：</p> <ul><li>点表示法 和 方括号表示法</li></ul></li></ul> <h3 id="array类型"><a href="#array类型" class="header-anchor">#</a> Array类型</h3> <ul><li><p>length属性不是只读的</p></li> <li><p>检测数组</p> <ul><li><div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code>value <span class="token keyword">instanceof</span> <span class="token class-name">Array</span>
    57. 

  57. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div></li> <li><div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code>Array<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isArray</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>value<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    58. 

  58. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div></li></ul></li> <li><p>转换方法</p> <ul><li>toLocaleString() 与toString()相同</li> <li>toString() 返回数组中每个值的字符串形式用逗号分隔拼接而成的字符串</li> <li>valueOf() 返回数组本身</li></ul></li></ul> <h4 id="join-转换方法-不改原数组"><a href="#join-转换方法-不改原数组" class="header-anchor">#</a> join() 转换方法 (不改原数组)</h4> <p>接收一个参数，用作分隔符的字符串，然后返回包含所有数组项的字符串。</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> arr <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'red'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'blue'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'green'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    59. 

  59. <span class="token keyword">var</span> arrStr <span class="token operator">=</span> arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'|'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// &quot;red|blue|green&quot;</span>
    60. 

  60. 

  61. arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// &quot;red,blue,green&quot;</span>
    62. 

  62. arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">join</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">''</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// &quot;redbluegreen&quot;</span>
    63. 

  63. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><h4 id="栈方法-后进先出-push-、pop-改变原数组"><a href="#栈方法-后进先出-push-、pop-改变原数组" class="header-anchor">#</a> 栈方法，后进先出 push() 、pop()      (改变原数组)</h4> <ul><li>push() 向数组末尾添加成员，返回总长</li> <li>pop() 移除数组末尾一个成员，返回该成员</li></ul> <h4 id="队列方法-先进先出-push-、shift-、unshift-改变原数组"><a href="#队列方法-先进先出-push-、shift-、unshift-改变原数组" class="header-anchor">#</a> 队列方法，先进先出  push()、shift()   、unshift() (改变原数组)</h4> <ul><li><p>shift() 移除数组首个成员，返回该成员</p></li> <li><p>unshift() 在数组前面添加成员，返回总长</p></li></ul> <p>push()和shift() 形成队列方法</p> <p>unshift和pop() 形成反方向队列方法</p> <h4 id="重排序方法-reverse-反转-sort-排序-改变原数组"><a href="#重排序方法-reverse-反转-sort-排序-改变原数组" class="header-anchor">#</a> 重排序方法 reverse() 反转  sort() 排序   （改变原数组）</h4> <ul><li>reverse() 反转数组项的顺序</li> <li>sort() 接收一个函数作为参数，函数接收两个参数。
    64. 

  64. <ul><li>自定义排序：函数内，如果第一个参数应该位于第二个之前，则手动返回一个负数，如果两个参数相等，手动返回0，如果第一个参数应该位于第二个参数之后，则手动返回一个正数。</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token comment">// 升序</span>
    65. 

  65. arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">a<span class="token punctuation">,</span>b</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    66. 

  66.     <span class="token keyword">if</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>a <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> b<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    67. 

  67.         <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span>
    68. 

  68.     <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>a <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> b<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    69. 

  69.         <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
    70. 

  70.     <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    71. 

  71.         retunr <span class="token number">0</span>
    72. 

  72.     <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    73. 

  73. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    74. 

  74. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p>简写：</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code>arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sort</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">a<span class="token punctuation">,</span>b</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    75. 

  75.     <span class="token keyword">return</span> a<span class="token operator">-</span>b <span class="token comment">// 升序， b-a 降序</span>
    76. 

  76. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    77. 

  77. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><h4 id="操作方法-concat-拼接-slice-切片-splice-移接"><a href="#操作方法-concat-拼接-slice-切片-splice-移接" class="header-anchor">#</a> 操作方法 concat() 拼接，slice() 切片，splice() 移接</h4> <ul><li><p>concat() 拼接数组 （<strong>不改原数组</strong>）</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> arr1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'b'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    78. 

  78. <span class="token keyword">var</span> arr2 <span class="token operator">=</span> arr1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">concat</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'c'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'d'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// ['a','b','c','d']</span>
    79. 

  79. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div></li> <li><p>slice() 切片（<strong>不改原数组</strong>）</p> <ul><li>slice(起始位置 [, 结束位置])  返回起始位置到结束位置的成员，不包含结束位置。</li></ul> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> arr1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    80. 

  80. <span class="token keyword">var</span> arr2 <span class="token operator">=</span> arr1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// [2,3]</span>
    81. 

  81. <span class="token keyword">var</span> arr3 <span class="token operator">=</span> arr1<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">slice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// [3,4,5]</span>
    82. 

  82. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div></li> <li><p>splice() 移接 （<strong>改变原数组</strong>）</p> <ul><li>splice(起始位置, 要删除的个数，要插入的项)
    83. 

  83. <ul><li>要插入的项 可以有0个或多个</li></ul></li> <li>splice() 始终返回一个数组，该数组成员中包含原始数组中被删除的项，如果没有则返回空数组。</li> <li>数组最强大的方法，可用于删除、插入、替换操作</li></ul> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code>arr <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    84. 

  84. arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">splice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// [2]</span>
    85. 

  85. arr <span class="token comment">// [1,3,4]</span>
    86. 

  86. 

  87. 

  88. arr <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    89. 

  89. arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">splice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// []</span>
    90. 

  90. arr <span class="token comment">// [1,2,'a',3,4]</span>
    91. 

  91. 

  92. arr <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    93. 

  93. arr<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">splice</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'a'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// [4]</span>
    94. 

  94. arr <span class="token comment">// [1,2,3,'a']</span>
    95. 

  95. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br></div></div></li></ul> <h4 id="位置方法-indexof-、lastindexof"><a href="#位置方法-indexof-、lastindexof" class="header-anchor">#</a> 位置方法 indexOf()、lastIndexOf()</h4> <ul><li>查找项的位置，没有则返回-1</li> <li>indexOf() 从前面开始找，lastIndexOf() 从后面开始找</li></ul> <h4 id="迭代方法-every-、some-、filter-、map-、foreach-都不会改变原数组"><a href="#迭代方法-every-、some-、filter-、map-、foreach-都不会改变原数组" class="header-anchor">#</a> 迭代方法 every()、some() 、filter()、map() 、forEach()  （都不会改变原数组）</h4> <ul><li><p>5个迭代方法，每个方法都接收两个参数：</p> <ul><li>在每项上运行的函数</li> <li>运行函数的作用域对象</li></ul></li> <li><p>函数接收三个参数：</p> <ul><li>数组项的值</li> <li>该项的索引</li> <li>数组本身</li></ul></li> <li><p>every()  如果函数对每项都返回true，则返回true</p> <ul><li><p>例：判断数组每一项是否都大于2</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> numbers <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    96. 

  96. <span class="token keyword">var</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> numbers<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">every</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">item<span class="token punctuation">,</span>index<span class="token punctuation">,</span>array</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    97. 

  97.     <span class="token keyword">return</span> item <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">2</span>
    98. 

  98. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    99. 

  99. result <span class="token comment">// false</span>
    100. 

  100. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div></li></ul></li> <li><p>some() 如果函数对任一项返回true，则返回true</p> <ul><li><p>例：判断数组是否包含大于2的值</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> numbers <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    101. 

  101. <span class="token keyword">var</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> numbers<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">some</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">item<span class="token punctuation">,</span>index<span class="token punctuation">,</span>array</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    102. 

  102.     <span class="token keyword">return</span> item <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">2</span>
    103. 

  103. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    104. 

  104. result <span class="token comment">// true</span>
    105. 

  105. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div></li></ul></li> <li><p>filter() 返回函数会返回true的项组成的数组</p> <ul><li><p>例：过滤掉数组中小于等于2的数</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> numbers <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    106. 

  106. <span class="token keyword">var</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> numbers<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">filter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">item<span class="token punctuation">,</span>index<span class="token punctuation">,</span>array</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    107. 

  107.     <span class="token keyword">return</span> item <span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token number">2</span>
    108. 

  108. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    109. 

  109. result <span class="token comment">// [3,4,5]</span>
    110. 

  110. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div></li></ul></li> <li><p>map() 返回每次函数调用的结果组成的数组</p> <ul><li><p>例：给数组每一项乘以2</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> numbers <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    111. 

  111. <span class="token keyword">var</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> numbers<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">item<span class="token punctuation">,</span>index<span class="token punctuation">,</span>array</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    112. 

  112.     <span class="token keyword">return</span> item <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">2</span>
    113. 

  113. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    114. 

  114. result <span class="token comment">// [2,4,6,8,10]</span>
    115. 

  115. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div></li></ul></li> <li><p>forEach() 循环数组每一项，没有返回值</p> <ul><li><p>例：循环每一项</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> numbers <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    116. 

  116. numbers<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forEach</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">item<span class="token punctuation">,</span>index<span class="token punctuation">,</span>array</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    117. 

  117.     <span class="token comment">// 做一些操作</span>
    118. 

  118. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    119. 

  119. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div></li></ul></li></ul> <h4 id="归并方法-reduce-reduceright"><a href="#归并方法-reduce-reduceright" class="header-anchor">#</a> 归并方法 reduce()  reduceRight()</h4> <ul><li><p>reduce() 归并为</p></li> <li><p>reduceRight() 从右边归并</p></li> <li><p>这两个方法都会迭代数组所有项，然后构建一个最终结果并返回</p></li> <li><p>方法接收两个参数： 每一项上调用的函数，归并基础的初始值</p></li> <li><p>函数接收4个参数：前一个的值、当前值、当前值的索引、数组对象</p></li> <li><p>例：求数组每一项之和</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> numbers <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">5</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    120. 

  120. <span class="token keyword">var</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> number<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">reduce</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">prev<span class="token punctuation">,</span>cur<span class="token punctuation">,</span>index<span class="token punctuation">,</span>arr</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    121. 

  121.     <span class="token keyword">return</span> prev <span class="token operator">+</span> cur
    122. 

  122. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    123. 

  123. result <span class="token comment">// 15</span>
    124. 

  124. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div></li> <li><p>reduce()方法，第一次执行函数时，prev是数组的第一项，cur是数组的第二项</p></li></ul> <h2 id="第6章-面向对象的程序设计"><a href="#第6章-面向对象的程序设计" class="header-anchor">#</a> 第6章 面向对象的程序设计</h2> <h3 id="_6-1-理解对象"><a href="#_6-1-理解对象" class="header-anchor">#</a> 6.1 理解对象</h3> <ul><li>对象的定义：无序属性的集合，其属性可以包含基本值、对象或者函数。
    125. 

  125. <ul><li>一组键值对，其中值可以是数据或函数</li></ul></li></ul> <h4 id="_6-1-1-对象的属性"><a href="#_6-1-1-对象的属性" class="header-anchor">#</a> 6.1.1 对象的属性</h4> <p>​	包含两种：<strong>数据属性</strong> 和 <strong>访问器属性</strong></p> <h5 id="_1-数据属性"><a href="#_1-数据属性" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.数据属性</h5> <ul><li>configurable 可配置性（限制 delete删除属性和<code>Object.defineProperty()</code>方法是否起效。），默认true</li> <li>enumerable 可列举性，默认true</li> <li>writable 可写性，默认true</li> <li>value 值，默认undefined</li></ul> <p>使用<code>Object.defineProperty()</code>方法修改这些默认属性。接收三个值：<strong>属性所在的对象、属性名、描述符对象</strong>。</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> person <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    126. 

  126. Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">defineProperty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>person<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">'name'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    127. 

  127.     <span class="token literal-property property">writable</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    128. 

  128.     <span class="token literal-property property">value</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'xu'</span>
    129. 

  129. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    130. 

  130. 

  131. console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>person<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// xu</span>
    132. 

  132. person<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'gao'</span> <span class="token comment">// 修改无效</span>
    133. 

  133. console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>person<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// xu</span>
    134. 

  134. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><p>使用此方法定义属性如未指定<code>configurable</code>、<code>enumerable</code>、<code>writable</code> 将默认<code>false</code>。</p> <h5 id="_2-访问器属性"><a href="#_2-访问器属性" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2.访问器属性</h5> <p>包含两个函数：getter函数和setter函数（这两个函数都是非必需）。读取时调用getter，访问时调用setter。</p> <p>使用<code>Object.defineProperty()</code>方法定义访问器属性。</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> book <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    135. 

  135.     <span class="token literal-property property">_year</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">2020</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    136. 

  136.     <span class="token literal-property property">edition</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
    137. 

  137. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    138. 

  138. 

  139. Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">defineProperty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>book<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'year'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    140. 

  140.     <span class="token function-variable function">get</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    141. 

  141.         <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>_year
    142. 

  142.     <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    143. 

  143.     <span class="token function-variable function">set</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">newValue</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    144. 

  144.         <span class="token keyword">if</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>newValue <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">2020</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    145. 

  145.             <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>_year <span class="token operator">=</span> newValue
    146. 

  146.             <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>edition <span class="token operator">+=</span> newValue <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">2020</span>
    147. 

  147.         <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    148. 

  148.     <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    149. 

  149. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    150. 

  150. 

  151. book<span class="token punctuation">.</span>year <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">2021</span>
    152. 

  152. console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>book<span class="token punctuation">.</span>edition<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// 2</span>
    153. 

  153. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><p>当getter函数和setter函数只指定其中一个时，另外一个将不能用。</p> <h4 id="_6-1-2-定义多个属性"><a href="#_6-1-2-定义多个属性" class="header-anchor">#</a> 6.1.2 定义多个属性</h4> <p><code>Object.defineProperties()</code>方法定义多个属性。接收两个参数: 要添加或修改属性的对象 、第二个参数是一个对象，其属性与第一个参数中的属性一一对应。</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> book <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    154. 

  154. Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">defineProperties</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>book<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    155. 

  155.     <span class="token literal-property property">_year</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// 数据属性</span>
    156. 

  156.         <span class="token literal-property property">writable</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    157. 

  157.         <span class="token literal-property property">value</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">2004</span>
    158. 

  158.     <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    159. 

  159.     <span class="token literal-property property">edition</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// 数据属性</span>
    160. 

  160.         <span class="token literal-property property">writable</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    161. 

  161.         <span class="token literal-property property">value</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
    162. 

  162.     <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    163. 

  163.     <span class="token literal-property property">year</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// 访问器属性</span>
    164. 

  164.         <span class="token function-variable function">get</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    165. 

  165.             <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>_year
    166. 

  166.         <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    167. 

  167.         <span class="token function-variable function">set</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">newValue</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    168. 

  168.             <span class="token keyword">if</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>newValue <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">2004</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    169. 

  169.                 <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>_year <span class="token operator">=</span> newValue
    170. 

  170.                 <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>edition <span class="token operator">+=</span> newValue <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">2004</span>
    171. 

  171.             <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    172. 

  172.         <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    173. 

  173.     <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    174. 

  174. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    175. 

  175. 

  176. <span class="token comment">// 定义了三个属性，每个属性有不同的描述符</span>
    177. 

  177. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br></div></div><h4 id="_6-1-3-读取属性的特性-描述符对象"><a href="#_6-1-3-读取属性的特性-描述符对象" class="header-anchor">#</a> 6.1.3 读取属性的特性（描述符对象）</h4> <p><code>Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor()</code>方法获取描述符，接收两个参数： 属性所在的对象、属性名</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">var</span> book <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    178. 

  178. Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">defineProperties</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>book<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    179. 

  179.     <span class="token literal-property property">_year</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// 数据属性</span>
    180. 

  180.         <span class="token literal-property property">writable</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    181. 

  181.         <span class="token literal-property property">value</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">2004</span>
    182. 

  182.     <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    183. 

  183.     <span class="token literal-property property">edition</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// 数据属性</span>
    184. 

  184.         <span class="token literal-property property">writable</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    185. 

  185.         <span class="token literal-property property">value</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
    186. 

  186.     <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    187. 

  187.     <span class="token literal-property property">year</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// 访问器属性</span>
    188. 

  188.         <span class="token function-variable function">get</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    189. 

  189.             <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>_year
    190. 

  190.         <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    191. 

  191.         <span class="token function-variable function">set</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">newValue</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    192. 

  192.             <span class="token keyword">if</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>newValue <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">2004</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    193. 

  193.                 <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>_year <span class="token operator">=</span> newValue
    194. 

  194.                 <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>edition <span class="token operator">+=</span> newValue <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token number">2004</span>
    195. 

  195.             <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    196. 

  196.         <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    197. 

  197.     <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    198. 

  198. <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    199. 

  199. 

  200. <span class="token keyword">var</span> descriptor <span class="token operator">=</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getOwnPropertyDescriptor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>book<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;_year&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    201. 

  201. console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>descriptor<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// {value: 2020, writable: true, enumerable: false, configurable: false}</span>
    202. 

  202. <span class="token keyword">var</span> descriptor <span class="token operator">=</span> Object<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getOwnPropertyDescriptor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>book<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">&quot;year&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    203. 

  203. console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>descriptor<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// {enumerable: false, configurable: false, get: ƒ, set: ƒ}</span>
    204. 

  204. 

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