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  19.   <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="前端" class="dropdown-title"><a href="/blog/web/" class="link-title">前端</a> <span class="title" style="display:none;">前端</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><h4>前端文章</h4> <ul class="dropdown-subitem-wrapper"><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/pages/8143cc480faf9a11/" class="nav-link">JavaScript</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown-item"><h4>学习笔记</h4> <ul class="dropdown-subitem-wrapper"><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/note/javascript/" class="nav-link">《JavaScript教程》</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/note/js/" class="nav-link">《JavaScript高级程序设计》</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/note/es6/" class="nav-link">《ES6 教程》</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/note/vue/" class="nav-link">《Vue》</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/note/react/" class="nav-link">《React》</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/note/typescript-axios/" class="nav-link">《TypeScript 从零实现 axios》</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/note/git/" class="nav-link">《Git》</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/pages/51afd6/" class="nav-link">TypeScript</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/pages/4643cd/" class="nav-link">JS设计模式总结</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="页面" class="dropdown-title"><a href="/blog/ui/" class="link-title">页面</a> <span class="title" style="display:none;">页面</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/8309a5b876fc95e3/" class="nav-link">HTML</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/0a83b083bdf257cb/" class="nav-link">CSS</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="技术" class="dropdown-title"><a href="/blog/technology/" class="link-title">技术</a> <span class="title" style="display:none;">技术</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/9a7ee40fc232253e/" class="nav-link">技术文档</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/4c778760be26d8b3/" class="nav-link">GitHub技巧</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/117708e0af7f0bd9/" class="nav-link">Nodejs</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/41f87d890d0a02af/" class="nav-link">博客搭建</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="更多" class="dropdown-title"><a href="/blog/more/" class="link-title">更多</a> <span class="title" style="display:none;">更多</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/f2a556/" class="nav-link">学习</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/aea6571b7a8bae86/" class="nav-link">面试</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/2d615df9a36a98ed/" class="nav-link">心情杂货</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/baaa02/" class="nav-link">实用技巧</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/friends/" class="nav-link">友情链接</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><a href="/blog/about/" class="nav-link">关于</a></div><div class="nav-item"><a href="/blog/pages/beb6c0bd8a66cea6/" class="nav-link">收藏</a></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="索引" class="dropdown-title"><a href="/blog/archives/" class="link-title">索引</a> <span class="title" style="display:none;">索引</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/categories/" class="nav-link">分类</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/tags/" class="nav-link">标签</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/archives/" class="nav-link">归档</a></li></ul></div></div> <a href="https://github.com/heBody/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="repo-link">
    20. 

  20.     GitHub
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  21.     <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></nav></div></header> <div class="sidebar-mask"></div> <div class="sidebar-hover-trigger"></div> <aside class="sidebar" style="display:none;"><div class="blogger"><img src="https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/gh/xugaoyi/image_store/blog/20200103123203.jpg"> <div class="blogger-info"><h3>彪哥</h3> <span>爱好前端</span></div></div> <nav class="nav-links"><div class="nav-item"><a href="/blog/" class="nav-link">首页</a></div><div class="nav-item"><a href="http://fseller.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="nav-link external">
    22. 

  22.   个人游戏网站
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  23.   <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="前端" class="dropdown-title"><a href="/blog/web/" class="link-title">前端</a> <span class="title" style="display:none;">前端</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><h4>前端文章</h4> <ul class="dropdown-subitem-wrapper"><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/pages/8143cc480faf9a11/" class="nav-link">JavaScript</a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown-item"><h4>学习笔记</h4> <ul class="dropdown-subitem-wrapper"><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/note/javascript/" class="nav-link">《JavaScript教程》</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/note/js/" class="nav-link">《JavaScript高级程序设计》</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/note/es6/" class="nav-link">《ES6 教程》</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/note/vue/" class="nav-link">《Vue》</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/note/react/" class="nav-link">《React》</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/note/typescript-axios/" class="nav-link">《TypeScript 从零实现 axios》</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/note/git/" class="nav-link">《Git》</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/pages/51afd6/" class="nav-link">TypeScript</a></li><li class="dropdown-subitem"><a href="/blog/pages/4643cd/" class="nav-link">JS设计模式总结</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="页面" class="dropdown-title"><a href="/blog/ui/" class="link-title">页面</a> <span class="title" style="display:none;">页面</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/8309a5b876fc95e3/" class="nav-link">HTML</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/0a83b083bdf257cb/" class="nav-link">CSS</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="技术" class="dropdown-title"><a href="/blog/technology/" class="link-title">技术</a> <span class="title" style="display:none;">技术</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/9a7ee40fc232253e/" class="nav-link">技术文档</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/4c778760be26d8b3/" class="nav-link">GitHub技巧</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/117708e0af7f0bd9/" class="nav-link">Nodejs</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/41f87d890d0a02af/" class="nav-link">博客搭建</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="更多" class="dropdown-title"><a href="/blog/more/" class="link-title">更多</a> <span class="title" style="display:none;">更多</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/f2a556/" class="nav-link">学习</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/aea6571b7a8bae86/" class="nav-link">面试</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/2d615df9a36a98ed/" class="nav-link">心情杂货</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/baaa02/" class="nav-link">实用技巧</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/friends/" class="nav-link">友情链接</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="nav-item"><a href="/blog/about/" class="nav-link">关于</a></div><div class="nav-item"><a href="/blog/pages/beb6c0bd8a66cea6/" class="nav-link">收藏</a></div><div class="nav-item"><div class="dropdown-wrapper"><button type="button" aria-label="索引" class="dropdown-title"><a href="/blog/archives/" class="link-title">索引</a> <span class="title" style="display:none;">索引</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></button> <ul class="nav-dropdown" style="display:none;"><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/categories/" class="nav-link">分类</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/tags/" class="nav-link">标签</a></li><li class="dropdown-item"><!----> <a href="/blog/archives/" class="nav-link">归档</a></li></ul></div></div> <a href="https://github.com/heBody/blog" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="repo-link">
    24. 

  24.     GitHub
    25. 

  25.     <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></nav>  <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>核心概念</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>高级指引</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>Hook</span> <span class="arrow down"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/blog/pages/4c13b9/" class="sidebar-link">Hook概述</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/82baa3/" aria-current="page" class="active sidebar-link">使用State Hook</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/82baa3/#等价的class组件示例" class="sidebar-link">等价的Class组件示例</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/blog/pages/82baa3/#hook-在-class-内部是不起作用" class="sidebar-link">Hook 在 class 内部是不起作用</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/82baa3/#调用-usestate-方法的时候做了什么" class="sidebar-link">调用 useState 方法的时候做了什么?</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/82baa3/#usestate-需要哪些参数" class="sidebar-link">useState 需要哪些参数？</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/82baa3/#usestate-方法的返回值是什么" class="sidebar-link">useState 方法的返回值是什么？</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/82baa3/#理解usestate" class="sidebar-link">理解useState</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/82baa3/#使用多个-state-变量" class="sidebar-link">使用多个 state 变量</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/72710d/" class="sidebar-link">使用Effect Hook</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/723be7/" class="sidebar-link">Hook规则</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/cf1018/" class="sidebar-link">自定义 Hook</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>案例演示</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul> </aside> <div><main class="page"><div class="theme-vdoing-wrapper "><div class="articleInfo-wrap" data-v-06970110><div class="articleInfo" data-v-06970110><ul class="breadcrumbs" data-v-06970110><li data-v-06970110><a href="/blog/" title="首页" class="iconfont icon-home router-link-active" data-v-06970110></a></li> <li data-v-06970110><a href="/blog/note/react/#《React》笔记" data-v-06970110>《React》笔记</a></li><li data-v-06970110><a href="/blog/note/react/#Hook" data-v-06970110>Hook</a></li></ul> <div class="info" data-v-06970110><div title="作者" class="author iconfont icon-touxiang" data-v-06970110><a href="https://github.com/heBody" target="_blank" title="作者" class="beLink" data-v-06970110>heBody</a></div> <div title="创建时间" class="date iconfont icon-riqi" data-v-06970110><a href="javascript:;" data-v-06970110>2021-04-06</a></div> <!----></div></div></div> <!----> <div class="content-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-margin"><div class="right-menu-title">目录</div> <div class="right-menu-content"></div></div></div> <h1><img src="data:image/png;base64,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">使用State Hook<!----></h1>  <div class="theme-vdoing-content content__default"><h1 id="_02-使用state-hook"><a href="#_02-使用state-hook" class="header-anchor">#</a> 02. 使用State Hook</h1> <div class="language-jsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-jsx"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> React<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useState <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    26. 

  26. 

  27. <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">Example</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    28. 

  28.   <span class="token comment">// 声明一个叫 &quot;count&quot; 的 state 变量</span>
    29. 

  29.   <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>count<span class="token punctuation">,</span> setCount<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    30. 

  30.   
    31. 

  31.   <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    32. 

  32.     <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    33. 

  33.       </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">You clicked </span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>count<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token plain-text"> times</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    34. 

  34.       </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token function">setCount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>count <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    35. 

  35.         Click me
    36. 

  36.       </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    37. 

  37.     </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    38. 

  38.   <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    39. 

  39. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    40. 

  40. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br></div></div><p>我们将通过将这段代码与一个等价的 class 示例进行比较来开始学习 Hook。</p> <h2 id="等价的class组件示例"><a href="#等价的class组件示例" class="header-anchor">#</a> 等价的Class组件示例</h2> <div class="language-jsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-jsx"><code><span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Example</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">React<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Component</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    41. 

  41.   <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">props</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    42. 

  42.     <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>props<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    43. 

  43.     <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>state <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    44. 

  44.       <span class="token literal-property property">count</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">0</span>
    45. 

  45.     <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    46. 

  46.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    47. 

  47. 

  48.   <span class="token function">render</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    49. 

  49.     <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    50. 

  50.       <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    51. 

  51.         </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">You clicked </span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>count<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token plain-text"> times</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    52. 

  52.         </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>button</span> <span class="token attr-name">onClick</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">count</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>state<span class="token punctuation">.</span>count <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    53. 

  53.           Click me
    54. 

  54.         </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>button</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token plain-text">
    55. 

  55.       </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    56. 

  56.     <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    57. 

  57.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    58. 

  58. <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    59. 

  59. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><p>state 初始值为 <code>{ count: 0 }</code> ，当用户点击按钮后，我们通过调用 <code>this.setState()</code> 来增加 <code>state.count</code>。整个章节中都将使用该 class 的代码片段做示例。</p> <h3 id="hook-在-class-内部是不起作用"><a href="#hook-在-class-内部是不起作用" class="header-anchor">#</a> Hook 在 class 内部是不起作用</h3> <p><strong>Hook 在 class 内部是不起作用的</strong>。但你可以使用它们来取代 class 。</p> <h2 id="调用-usestate-方法的时候做了什么"><a href="#调用-usestate-方法的时候做了什么" class="header-anchor">#</a> 调用 <code>useState</code> 方法的时候做了什么?</h2> <p>它定义一个 “state 变量”。我们的变量叫 <code>count</code>， 但是我们可以叫他任何名字，比如 <code>banana</code>。这是一种在函数调用时保存变量的方式 —— <code>useState</code> 是一种新方法，它与 class 里面的 <code>this.state</code> 提供的功能完全相同。<strong>一般来说，在函数退出后变量就会”消失”，而 state 中的变量会被 React 保留。</strong></p> <h2 id="usestate-需要哪些参数"><a href="#usestate-需要哪些参数" class="header-anchor">#</a> <code>useState</code> 需要哪些参数？</h2> <p><code>useState()</code> 方法里面<strong>唯一的参数就是初始 state</strong>。不同于 class 的是，我们可以按照需要使用数字或字符串对其进行赋值，而不一定是对象。在示例中，只需使用数字来记录用户点击次数，所以我们传了 <code>0</code> 作为变量的初始 state。（如果我们想要在 state 中存储两个不同的变量，只需调用 <code>useState()</code> 两次即可。）</p> <h2 id="usestate-方法的返回值是什么"><a href="#usestate-方法的返回值是什么" class="header-anchor">#</a> <code>useState</code> 方法的返回值是什么？</h2> <p>返回值为：当前 state 以及更新 state 的函数。这就是我们写 <code>const [count, setCount] = useState()</code> 的原因。这与 class 里面 <code>this.state.count</code> 和 <code>this.setState</code> 类似，唯一区别就是你需要成对的获取它们。</p> <h2 id="理解usestate"><a href="#理解usestate" class="header-anchor">#</a> 理解useState</h2> <p>既然我们知道了 <code>useState</code> 的作用，我们的示例应该更容易理解了：</p> <div class="language-jsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-jsx"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> React<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> useState <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'react'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    60. 

  60. 

  61. <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">Example</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    62. 

  62.   <span class="token comment">// 声明一个叫 &quot;count&quot; 的 state 变量  const [count, setCount] = useState(0);</span>
    63. 

  63. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>我们声明了一个叫 <code>count</code> 的 state 变量，然后把它设为 <code>0</code>。**React 会在重复渲染时记住它当前的值，并且提供最新的值给我们的函数。**我们可以通过调用 <code>setCount</code> 来更新当前的 <code>count</code>。</p> <blockquote><p>注意</p> <p>你可能想知道：为什么叫 <code>useState</code> 而不叫 <code>createState</code>?</p> <p>“Create” 可能不是很准确，因为 state 只在组件首次渲染的时候被创建。在下一次重新渲染时，<code>useState</code> 返回给我们当前的 state。否则它就不是 “state”了！这也是 Hook 的名字<em>总是</em>以 <code>use</code> 开头的一个原因。我们将在后面的 <a href="https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/hooks-rules.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Hook 规则<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>中了解原因。</p></blockquote> <h2 id="使用多个-state-变量"><a href="#使用多个-state-变量" class="header-anchor">#</a> 使用多个 state 变量</h2> <p>将 state 变量声明为一对 <code>[something, setSomething]</code> 也很方便，因为如果我们想使用多个 state 变量，它允许我们给不同的 state 变量取不同的名称：</p> <div class="language-jsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-jsx"><code><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">ExampleWithManyStates</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    64. 

  64.   <span class="token comment">// 声明多个 state 变量</span>
    65. 

  65.   <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>age<span class="token punctuation">,</span> setAge<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">42</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    66. 

  66.   <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>fruit<span class="token punctuation">,</span> setFruit<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'banana'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    67. 

  67.   <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>todos<span class="token punctuation">,</span> setTodos<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">useState</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token literal-property property">text</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'学习 Hook'</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    68. 

  68. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p>在以上组件中，我们有局部变量 <code>age</code>，<code>fruit</code> 和 <code>todos</code>，并且我们可以单独更新它们：</p> <div class="language-jsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-jsx"><code>  <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">handleOrangeClick</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    69. 

  69.     <span class="token comment">// 和 this.setState({ fruit: 'orange' }) 类似</span>
    70. 

  70.     <span class="token function">setFruit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'orange'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    71. 

  71.   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    72. 

  72. </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br></div></div><p>你<strong>不必</strong>使用多个 state 变量。<strong>State 变量可以很好地存储对象和数组，因此，你仍然可以将相关数据分为一组</strong>。然而，不像 class 中的 <code>this.setState</code>，<strong>更新 state 变量总是<em>替换</em>它而不是合并它</strong>。</p> <p>我们<a href="https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/hooks-faq.html#should-i-use-one-or-many-state-variables" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">在 FAQ 中<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>提供了更多关于分离独立 state 变量的建议。</p> <blockquote><p>把所有 state 都放在同一个 <code>useState</code> 调用中，或是每一个字段都对应一个 <code>useState</code> 调用，这两方式都能跑通。当你在这两个极端之间找到平衡，然后把相关 state 组合到几个独立的 state 变量时，组件就会更加的可读。如果 state 的逻辑开始变得复杂，我们推荐 <a href="https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/hooks-reference.html#usereducer" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">用 reducer 来管理它<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>，或使用自定义 Hook。</p></blockquote></div></div>  <div class="page-edit"><div class="edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/heBody/blog/edit/master/docs/《React》笔记/03.Hook/02.使用State Hook.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">编辑</a> <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></div> <!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">上次更新:</span> <span class="time">2022/12/14, 19:36:42</span></div></div> <div class="page-nav-wapper"><div class="page-nav-centre-wrap"><a href="/blog/pages/4c13b9/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-prev"><div class="tooltip">Hook概述</div></a> <a href="/blog/pages/72710d/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-next"><div class="tooltip">使用Effect Hook</div></a></div> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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