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    <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></nav>  <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>基础</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>组件</span> <span class="arrow down"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/blog/pages/83a1ab785e7fd70c/" aria-current="page" class="active sidebar-link">使用组件的细节点</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/83a1ab785e7fd70c/#解析-dom-模板时的注意事项" class="sidebar-link">解析 DOM 模板时的注意事项</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/83a1ab785e7fd70c/#子组件内的data要使用函数返回" class="sidebar-link">子组件内的data要使用函数返回</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/83a1ab785e7fd70c/#通过-ref-引用操作dom" class="sidebar-link">通过 ref 引用操作DOM</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/07b384c2e6232e07/" class="sidebar-link">父组件给子组件传值</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/0f19a1bcac14fd41/" class="sidebar-link">子组件派发事件和值给父组件</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/a3080f60f6596eb4/" class="sidebar-link">Prop 验证 与 非 Prop 的 Attribute</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/9651417d08d1779d/" class="sidebar-link">自定义事件</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/809f4582d9ca9552/" class="sidebar-link">兄弟组件传值</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/d408e64f666f146d/" class="sidebar-link">非父子组件传值</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/2e24dab728769e0c/" class="sidebar-link">父组件调用子组件方法并传入值</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/055ecee9a4325386/" class="sidebar-link">插槽slot</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/636ca33122e9a64b/" class="sidebar-link">动态组件与 v-once 指令</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/e6cec47efa42d7f1/" class="sidebar-link">vue父子组件的生命周期顺序</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>过渡&amp;动画</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>可复用性&amp;组合</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>工具</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>规模化</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Vuex</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>其他</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul> </aside> <div><main class="page"><div class="theme-vdoing-wrapper "><div class="articleInfo-wrap" data-v-06970110><div class="articleInfo" data-v-06970110><ul class="breadcrumbs" data-v-06970110><li data-v-06970110><a href="/blog/" title="首页" class="iconfont icon-home router-link-active" data-v-06970110></a></li> <li data-v-06970110><a href="/blog/note/vue/#《Vue》笔记" data-v-06970110>《Vue》笔记</a></li><li data-v-06970110><a href="/blog/note/vue/#组件" data-v-06970110>组件</a></li></ul> <div class="info" data-v-06970110><div title="作者" class="author iconfont icon-touxiang" data-v-06970110><a href="https://github.com/heBody" target="_blank" title="作者" class="beLink" data-v-06970110>heBody</a></div> <div title="创建时间" class="date iconfont icon-riqi" data-v-06970110><a href="javascript:;" data-v-06970110>2020-02-13</a></div> <!----></div></div></div> <!----> <div class="content-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-margin"><div class="right-menu-title">目录</div> <div class="right-menu-content"></div></div></div> <h1><img src="data:image/png;base64,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">使用组件的细节点<!----></h1>  <div class="theme-vdoing-content content__default"><h1 id="使用组件的细节点"><a href="#使用组件的细节点" class="header-anchor">#</a> 使用组件的细节点</h1> <h2 id="解析-dom-模板时的注意事项"><a href="#解析-dom-模板时的注意事项" class="header-anchor">#</a> 解析 DOM 模板时的注意事项</h2> <div class="language-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">id</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>root<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>table</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>tbody</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>row</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>row</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>row</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>row</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
            <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>row</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>row</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
        <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>tbody</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>table</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>script</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>text/javascript<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token script"><span class="token language-javascript">
    Vue<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">component</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'row'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token literal-property property">template</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;this is a row&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;'</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">var</span> vm <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Vue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token literal-property property">el</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'#root'</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>script</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br></div></div><p>上面代码中，<code>row</code> 组件在渲染页面时，并不会把<code>tr</code>节点渲染到<code>tbody</code>里面，而是被提升到了和<code>table</code>同一个级别的地方。原因是在html编码规范中，<code>tbody</code>里面只能放<code>tr</code>，正确的做法是使用<code>tr</code>标签添加<code>is</code>属性等于组件名称<code>row</code> :</p> <div class="language-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>tbody</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>tr</span> <span class="token attr-name">is</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>row<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>tr</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>tr</span> <span class="token attr-name">is</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>row<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>tr</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
    <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>tr</span> <span class="token attr-name">is</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>row<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>tr</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>tbody</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p>同样，<code>ul&gt;li</code>、<code>ol&gt;li</code>、<code>select &gt; option</code> 标签也要注意这样的问题。</p> <p>需要注意的是<strong>如果我们从以下来源使用模板的话，这条限制是不存在的</strong>：</p> <ul><li>字符串 (例如：<code>template: '...'</code>)</li> <li><a href="https://cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/single-file-components.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">单文件组件 (<code>.vue</code>)<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/components-edge-cases.html#X-Templates" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>&lt;script type=&quot;text/x-template&quot;&gt;</code><span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></li></ul> <h2 id="子组件内的data要使用函数返回"><a href="#子组件内的data要使用函数返回" class="header-anchor">#</a> 子组件内的data要使用函数返回</h2> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code>Vue<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">component</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'row'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">data</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token literal-property property">content</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'this is content'</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token literal-property property">template</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;{{content}}&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><p>之所以这样设计是因为子组件有可能会被调用多次，而每次调用时的data数据都应该是独立的。因此需要通过一个函数来实现，每个实例可以维护一份被返回对象的独立的拷贝。</p> <p>这样才不会出现每个子组件数据相互影响的情况。</p> <h2 id="通过-ref-引用操作dom"><a href="#通过-ref-引用操作dom" class="header-anchor">#</a> 通过 ref 引用操作DOM</h2> <p><a href="https://cn.vuejs.org/v2/api/#ref" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ref<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></p> <p>虽然并不推荐我们在使用vue的时候操作DOM，但是某些情况下我们必须要操作DOM来实现一些功能，因此可以通过ref引用的形式来获取到DOM节点。</p> <div class="language-html line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-html"><code><span class="token comment">&lt;!-- `vm.$refs.p` 指向DOM元素节点 --&gt;</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>p</span> <span class="token attr-name">ref</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>p<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>hello<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>p</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>

<span class="token comment">&lt;!-- `vm.$refs.child` 指向组件实例 --&gt;</span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;</span>child-component</span> <span class="token attr-name">ref</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span>child<span class="token punctuation">&quot;</span></span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;/</span>child-component</span><span class="token punctuation">&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br></div></div><p><code>ref</code> 被用来给元素或子组件注册引用信息。引用信息将会注册在父组件的 <code>$refs</code> 对象上。如果在普通的 DOM 元素上使用，引用指向的就是 DOM 元素；如果用在子组件上，引用就指向<strong>组件实例</strong>。</p> <p><strong>组件实例对象 VueComponent</strong></p> <blockquote><p>打开控制台，点击demo中的按钮可查看组件实例</p></blockquote> <p data-height="460" data-theme-id="light" data-default-tab="js,result" data-user="heBody" data-slug-hash="VwLeMoM" data-pen-title="VwLeMoM" class="codepen" style="height:460px;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;border:20px solid;margin:1em 0;padding:1em;"><span>See the Pen <a href="https://codepen.io/heBody/pen/VwLeMoM">
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