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line-numbers-mode"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-typescript"}},[t("code",[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[s._v("// 类的修饰器：")]),s._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[s._v("// public (公共) 允许内外部使用")]),s._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[s._v("// protected (受保护的) 允许在内部和继承内使用")]),s._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[s._v("// private (私有) 允许在内部使用，但不能在继承中使用")]),s._v("\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[s._v("// 类的内部和外部，{}内属于内部，外面是外部")]),s._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("class")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[s._v("Person")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("{")]),s._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[s._v("// public 内外都可以使用，可省略，不写时默认public。 protected只允许内部使用")]),s._v("\n name"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v(":")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[s._v("string")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[s._v("// 这里的string注释是TS使用的")]),s._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("private")]),s._v(" age"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v(":")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[s._v("18")]),s._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("public")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[s._v("sayHello")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(")")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("{")]),s._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[s._v("console")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(".")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[s._v("log")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[s._v("' say bye'")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(")")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[s._v("// protected 可以在继承中使用到")]),s._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("}")]),s._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("}")]),s._v("\n\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("const")]),s._v(" person "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v("=")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("new")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[s._v("Person")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(")")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(";")]),s._v("\nperson"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(".")]),s._v("name "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v("=")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token string"}},[s._v("'test'")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[s._v("// 在类的外部定义")]),s._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[s._v("console")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(".")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[s._v("log")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("(")]),s._v("person"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(".")]),s._v("name"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(")")]),s._v("\n\n")])]),s._v(" 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class类的构造函数中使用类型校验")]),s._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language-typescript line-numbers-mode"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-typescript"}},[t("code",[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("class")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[s._v("Person2")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("{")]),s._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[s._v("constructor")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("public")]),s._v(" name"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v(":")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[s._v("string")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(")")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("{")]),s._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("this")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("get")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[s._v("age")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(")")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("{")]),s._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("return")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("this")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(".")]),s._v("_age "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v("-")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[s._v("10")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(";")]),s._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("}")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[s._v("// 访问器属性，以属性的形式访问age，并可以对属性进行包装")]),s._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("set")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[s._v("age")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("(")]),s._v("age"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v(":")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[s._v("number")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(")")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("{")]),s._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("this")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(".")]),s._v("_age "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v("=")]),s._v(" age"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v("+")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token number"}},[s._v("3")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(";")]),s._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("}")]),s._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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class类的只读属性")]),s._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language-typescript line-numbers-mode"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-typescript"}},[t("code",[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[s._v("// 只读属性")]),s._v("\n"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("class")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[s._v("Person")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("{")]),s._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("public")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("readonly")]),s._v(" _name"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v(":")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[s._v("string")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[s._v("// 只读属性")]),s._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function"}},[s._v("constructor")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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联合类型和类型保护")]),s._v(" "),t("p",[t("strong",[s._v("联合类型")]),s._v(" 指某个参数可以是多种类型。")]),s._v(" "),t("p",[t("strong",[s._v("类型保护")]),s._v(" 指参数属于某个类型才有相应的操作。")]),s._v(" "),t("div",{staticClass:"language-typescript line-numbers-mode"},[t("pre",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"language-typescript"}},[t("code",[t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("interface")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token class-name"}},[s._v("Waiter")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("{")]),s._v("\n anjiao"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v(":")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token builtin"}},[s._v("boolean")]),s._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token function-variable function"}},[s._v("say")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token operator"}},[s._v(":")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("(")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(")")]),s._v(" 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"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[s._v("// 联合类型")]),s._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[s._v("// 第一种断言方法")]),s._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("if")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("(")]),s._v("animal"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(".")]),s._v("anjiao"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(")")]),s._v(" "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("{")]),s._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token comment"}},[s._v("// (animal as Teacher) 的意思是：断言 animal 是 Teacher类型")]),s._v("\n "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v("(")]),s._v("animal "),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token keyword"}},[s._v("as")]),s._v(" Teacher"),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(")")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token punctuation"}},[s._v(".")]),t("span",{pre:!0,attrs:{class:"token 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