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    <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></nav>  <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading open"><span>手册</span> <span class="arrow down"></span></p> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/blog/pages/8292d8/" aria-current="page" class="active sidebar-link">常用Git命令清单</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/8292d8/#一、新建代码库" class="sidebar-link">一、新建代码库</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/8292d8/#二、配置" class="sidebar-link">二、配置</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/8292d8/#三、增加-删除文件" class="sidebar-link">三、增加/删除文件</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/8292d8/#四、代码提交" class="sidebar-link">四、代码提交</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/8292d8/#五、分支" class="sidebar-link">五、分支</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/8292d8/#六、标签" class="sidebar-link">六、标签</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/8292d8/#七、查看信息" class="sidebar-link">七、查看信息</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/8292d8/#八、远程同步" class="sidebar-link">八、远程同步</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/8292d8/#九、撤销" class="sidebar-link">九、撤销</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/8292d8/#十、常用操作组合" class="sidebar-link">十、常用操作组合</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/blog/pages/8292d8/#_1-修改本地分支名和远程分支名" class="sidebar-link">1. 修改本地分支名和远程分支名</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/c10281/" class="sidebar-link">Git变基合并</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/4cbc21/" class="sidebar-link">Git命令思维导图</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>文档笔记</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul> </aside> <div><main class="page"><div class="theme-vdoing-wrapper "><div class="articleInfo-wrap" data-v-06970110><div class="articleInfo" data-v-06970110><ul class="breadcrumbs" data-v-06970110><li data-v-06970110><a href="/blog/" title="首页" class="iconfont icon-home router-link-active" data-v-06970110></a></li> <li data-v-06970110><a href="/blog/note/git/#《Git》学习笔记" data-v-06970110>《Git》学习笔记</a></li><li data-v-06970110><a href="/blog/note/git/#手册" data-v-06970110>手册</a></li></ul> <div class="info" data-v-06970110><div title="作者" class="author iconfont icon-touxiang" data-v-06970110><a href="https://github.com/heBody" target="_blank" title="作者" class="beLink" data-v-06970110>heBody</a></div> <div title="创建时间" class="date iconfont icon-riqi" data-v-06970110><a href="javascript:;" data-v-06970110>2020-11-18</a></div> <!----></div></div></div> <!----> <div class="content-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-margin"><div class="right-menu-title">目录</div> <div class="right-menu-content"></div></div></div> <h1><img src="data:image/png;base64,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">常用Git命令清单<!----></h1>  <div class="theme-vdoing-content content__default"><h1 id="常用git命令清单"><a href="#常用git命令清单" class="header-anchor">#</a> 常用Git命令清单</h1> <p>一般来说，日常使用只要记住下图6个命令，就可以了。但是熟练使用，恐怕要记住60～100个命令。</p> <p><img src="http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blogimg/asset/2015/bg2015120901.png" alt="img"></p> <p>下面是我整理的常用 Git 命令清单。几个专用名词的译名如下。</p> <blockquote><ul><li>Workspace：工作区</li> <li>Index / Stage：暂存区</li> <li>Repository：仓库区（或本地仓库）</li> <li>Remote：远程仓库</li></ul></blockquote> <h2 id="一、新建代码库"><a href="#一、新建代码库" class="header-anchor">#</a> 一、新建代码库</h2> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># 在当前目录新建一个Git代码库</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> init

<span class="token comment"># 新建一个目录，将其初始化为Git代码库</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> init <span class="token punctuation">[</span>project-name<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 下载一个项目和它的整个代码历史</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> clone <span class="token punctuation">[</span>url<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><h2 id="二、配置"><a href="#二、配置" class="header-anchor">#</a> 二、配置</h2> <p>Git的设置文件为<code>.gitconfig</code>，它可以在用户主目录下（全局配置），也可以在项目目录下（项目配置）。</p> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># 显示当前的Git配置</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">--list</span>

<span class="token comment"># 编辑Git配置文件</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token parameter variable">-e</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>--global<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 设置提交代码时的用户信息</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token punctuation">[</span>--global<span class="token punctuation">]</span> user.name <span class="token string">&quot;[name]&quot;</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> config <span class="token punctuation">[</span>--global<span class="token punctuation">]</span> user.email <span class="token string">&quot;[email address]&quot;</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><h2 id="三、增加-删除文件"><a href="#三、增加-删除文件" class="header-anchor">#</a> 三、增加/删除文件</h2> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># 添加指定文件到暂存区</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">add</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>file1<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>file2<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span>.

<span class="token comment"># 添加指定目录到暂存区，包括子目录</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">add</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>dir<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 添加当前目录的所有文件到暂存区</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">add</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>

<span class="token comment"># 添加每个变化前，都会要求确认</span>
<span class="token comment"># 对于同一个文件的多处变化，可以实现分次提交</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">add</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-p</span>

<span class="token comment"># 删除工作区文件，并且将这次删除放入暂存区</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">rm</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>file1<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>file2<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span>.

<span class="token comment"># 停止追踪指定文件，但该文件会保留在工作区</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">rm</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--cached</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>file<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 改名文件，并且将这个改名放入暂存区</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">mv</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>file-original<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>file-renamed<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div><h2 id="四、代码提交"><a href="#四、代码提交" class="header-anchor">#</a> 四、代码提交</h2> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># 提交暂存区到仓库区</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> commit <span class="token parameter variable">-m</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>message<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 提交暂存区的指定文件到仓库区</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> commit <span class="token punctuation">[</span>file1<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>file2<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span>. <span class="token parameter variable">-m</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>message<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 提交工作区自上次commit之后的变化，直接到仓库区</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> commit <span class="token parameter variable">-a</span>

<span class="token comment"># 提交时显示所有diff信息</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> commit <span class="token parameter variable">-v</span>

<span class="token comment"># 使用一次新的commit，替代上一次提交</span>
<span class="token comment"># 如果代码没有任何新变化，则用来改写上一次commit的提交信息</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> commit <span class="token parameter variable">--amend</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-m</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>message<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 重做上一次commit，并包括指定文件的新变化</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> commit <span class="token parameter variable">--amend</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>file1<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>file2<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span>.
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br></div></div><h2 id="五、分支"><a href="#五、分支" class="header-anchor">#</a> 五、分支</h2> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># 列出所有本地分支</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> branch

<span class="token comment"># 列出所有远程分支</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> branch <span class="token parameter variable">-r</span>

<span class="token comment"># 列出所有本地分支和远程分支</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> branch <span class="token parameter variable">-a</span>

<span class="token comment"># 新建一个分支，但依然停留在当前分支</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> branch <span class="token punctuation">[</span>branch-name<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 新建一个分支，并切换到该分支</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> checkout <span class="token parameter variable">-b</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>branch<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 新建一个分支，指向指定commit</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> branch <span class="token punctuation">[</span>branch<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>commit<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 新建一个分支，与指定的远程分支建立追踪关系</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> branch <span class="token parameter variable">--track</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>branch<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>remote-branch<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 切换到指定分支，并更新工作区</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> checkout <span class="token punctuation">[</span>branch-name<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 切换到上一个分支</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> checkout -

<span class="token comment"># 建立追踪关系，在现有分支与指定的远程分支之间</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> branch --set-upstream <span class="token punctuation">[</span>branch<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>remote-branch<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 合并指定分支到当前分支</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> merge <span class="token punctuation">[</span>branch<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 选择一个commit，合并进当前分支</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> cherry-pick <span class="token punctuation">[</span>commit<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 删除分支</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> branch <span class="token parameter variable">-d</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>branch-name<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 删除远程分支</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> push origin <span class="token parameter variable">--delete</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>branch-name<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> branch <span class="token parameter variable">-dr</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>remote/branch<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br></div></div><h2 id="六、标签"><a href="#六、标签" class="header-anchor">#</a> 六、标签</h2> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># 列出所有tag</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> tag

<span class="token comment"># 新建一个tag在当前commit</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> tag <span class="token punctuation">[</span>tag<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 新建一个tag在指定commit</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> tag <span class="token punctuation">[</span>tag<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>commit<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 删除本地tag</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> tag <span class="token parameter variable">-d</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>tag<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 删除远程tag</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> push origin :refs/tags/<span class="token punctuation">[</span>tagName<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 查看tag信息</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> show <span class="token punctuation">[</span>tag<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 提交指定tag</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> push <span class="token punctuation">[</span>remote<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>tag<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 提交所有tag</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> push <span class="token punctuation">[</span>remote<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--tags</span>

<span class="token comment"># 新建一个分支，指向某个tag</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> checkout <span class="token parameter variable">-b</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>branch<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>tag<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br></div></div><h2 id="七、查看信息"><a href="#七、查看信息" class="header-anchor">#</a> 七、查看信息</h2> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># 显示有变更的文件</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> status

<span class="token comment"># 显示当前分支的版本历史</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> log

<span class="token comment"># 显示commit历史，以及每次commit发生变更的文件</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> log <span class="token parameter variable">--stat</span>

<span class="token comment"># 搜索提交历史，根据关键词</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> log <span class="token parameter variable">-S</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>keyword<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 显示某个commit之后的所有变动，每个commit占据一行</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> log <span class="token punctuation">[</span>tag<span class="token punctuation">]</span> HEAD <span class="token parameter variable">--pretty</span><span class="token operator">=</span>format:%s

<span class="token comment"># 显示某个commit之后的所有变动，其&quot;提交说明&quot;必须符合搜索条件</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> log <span class="token punctuation">[</span>tag<span class="token punctuation">]</span> HEAD <span class="token parameter variable">--grep</span> feature

<span class="token comment"># 显示某个文件的版本历史，包括文件改名</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> log <span class="token parameter variable">--follow</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>file<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> whatchanged <span class="token punctuation">[</span>file<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 显示指定文件相关的每一次diff</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> log <span class="token parameter variable">-p</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>file<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 显示过去5次提交</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> log <span class="token parameter variable">-5</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--pretty</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--oneline</span>

<span class="token comment"># 显示所有提交过的用户，按提交次数排序</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> shortlog <span class="token parameter variable">-sn</span>

<span class="token comment"># 显示指定文件是什么人在什么时间修改过</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> blame <span class="token punctuation">[</span>file<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 显示暂存区和工作区的差异</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">diff</span>

<span class="token comment"># 显示暂存区和上一个commit的差异</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">diff</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--cached</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>file<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 显示工作区与当前分支最新commit之间的差异</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">diff</span> HEAD

<span class="token comment"># 显示两次提交之间的差异</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">diff</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>first-branch<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">..</span>.<span class="token punctuation">[</span>second-branch<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 显示今天你写了多少行代码</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> <span class="token function">diff</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--shortstat</span> <span class="token string">&quot;@{0 day ago}&quot;</span>

<span class="token comment"># 显示某次提交的元数据和内容变化</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> show <span class="token punctuation">[</span>commit<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 显示某次提交发生变化的文件</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> show --name-only <span class="token punctuation">[</span>commit<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 显示某次提交时，某个文件的内容</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> show <span class="token punctuation">[</span>commit<span class="token punctuation">]</span>:<span class="token punctuation">[</span>filename<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 显示当前分支的最近几次提交</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> reflog
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br><span class="line-number">32</span><br><span class="line-number">33</span><br><span class="line-number">34</span><br><span class="line-number">35</span><br><span class="line-number">36</span><br><span class="line-number">37</span><br><span class="line-number">38</span><br><span class="line-number">39</span><br><span class="line-number">40</span><br><span class="line-number">41</span><br><span class="line-number">42</span><br><span class="line-number">43</span><br><span class="line-number">44</span><br><span class="line-number">45</span><br><span class="line-number">46</span><br><span class="line-number">47</span><br><span class="line-number">48</span><br><span class="line-number">49</span><br><span class="line-number">50</span><br><span class="line-number">51</span><br><span class="line-number">52</span><br><span class="line-number">53</span><br><span class="line-number">54</span><br><span class="line-number">55</span><br><span class="line-number">56</span><br><span class="line-number">57</span><br><span class="line-number">58</span><br><span class="line-number">59</span><br><span class="line-number">60</span><br></div></div><h2 id="八、远程同步"><a href="#八、远程同步" class="header-anchor">#</a> 八、远程同步</h2> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># 下载远程仓库的所有变动</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> fetch <span class="token punctuation">[</span>remote<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 显示所有远程仓库</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> remote <span class="token parameter variable">-v</span>

<span class="token comment"># 显示某个远程仓库的信息</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> remote show <span class="token punctuation">[</span>remote<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 增加一个新的远程仓库，并命名</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> remote <span class="token function">add</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>shortname<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>url<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 取回远程仓库的变化，并与本地分支合并</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> pull <span class="token punctuation">[</span>remote<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>branch<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 上传本地指定分支到远程仓库</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> push <span class="token punctuation">[</span>remote<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>branch<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 强行推送当前分支到远程仓库，即使有冲突</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> push <span class="token punctuation">[</span>remote<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--force</span>

<span class="token comment"># 推送所有分支到远程仓库</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> push <span class="token punctuation">[</span>remote<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--all</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br></div></div><h2 id="九、撤销"><a href="#九、撤销" class="header-anchor">#</a> 九、撤销</h2> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># 恢复暂存区的指定文件到工作区</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> checkout <span class="token punctuation">[</span>file<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 恢复某个commit的指定文件到暂存区和工作区</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> checkout <span class="token punctuation">[</span>commit<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>file<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 恢复暂存区的所有文件到工作区</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> checkout <span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>

<span class="token comment"># 重置暂存区的指定文件，与上一次commit保持一致，但工作区不变</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> reset <span class="token punctuation">[</span>file<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 重置暂存区与工作区，与上一次commit保持一致</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> reset <span class="token parameter variable">--hard</span>

<span class="token comment"># 重置当前分支的指针为指定commit，同时重置暂存区，但工作区不变</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> reset <span class="token punctuation">[</span>commit<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 重置当前分支的HEAD为指定commit，同时重置暂存区和工作区，与指定commit一致</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> reset <span class="token parameter variable">--hard</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>commit<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 重置当前HEAD为指定commit，但保持暂存区和工作区不变</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> reset <span class="token parameter variable">--keep</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>commit<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 新建一个commit，用来撤销指定commit</span>
<span class="token comment"># 后者的所有变化都将被前者抵消，并且应用到当前分支</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> revert <span class="token punctuation">[</span>commit<span class="token punctuation">]</span>

<span class="token comment"># 暂时将未提交的变化移除，稍后再移入</span>
$ <span class="token function">git</span> stash
$ <span class="token function">git</span> stash pop
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br><span class="line-number">22</span><br><span class="line-number">23</span><br><span class="line-number">24</span><br><span class="line-number">25</span><br><span class="line-number">26</span><br><span class="line-number">27</span><br><span class="line-number">28</span><br><span class="line-number">29</span><br><span class="line-number">30</span><br><span class="line-number">31</span><br></div></div><h2 id="十、常用操作组合"><a href="#十、常用操作组合" class="header-anchor">#</a> 十、常用操作组合</h2> <h3 id="_1-修改本地分支名和远程分支名"><a href="#_1-修改本地分支名和远程分支名" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1. 修改本地分支名和远程分支名</h3> <div class="language-sh line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-sh"><code><span class="token function">git</span> branch <span class="token parameter variable">-m</span> old_branch new_branch <span class="token comment"># 重命名本地分支</span>
<span class="token function">git</span> push origin :old_branch <span class="token comment"># 删除远程旧分支（分支名前有冒号）</span>
<span class="token function">git</span> push --set-upstream origin new_branch <span class="token comment"># 推送新的分支，并设置本地分支跟踪新的远程分支</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p><strong>相关文章：</strong></p> <p><a href="http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2019/12/git-undo.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">《如何撤销 Git 操作？》<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a></p> <p><a href="http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2020/04/git-cherry-pick.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">《git cherry-pick 教程》<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> 复制某分支上的部分提交到另一个分支上（相对于可以选择指定提交的 rebase 操作）。</p> <blockquote><p>命令清单来源：https://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2015/12/git-cheat-sheet.html</p></blockquote></div></div>  <div class="page-edit"><div class="edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/heBody/blog/edit/master/docs/《Git》学习笔记/10.手册/00.常用Git命令清单.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">编辑</a> <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></div> <div class="tags"><a href="/blog/tags/?tag=Git" title="标签">#Git</a></div> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">上次更新:</span> <span class="time">2022/12/14, 19:36:42</span></div></div> <div class="page-nav-wapper"><div class="page-nav-centre-wrap"><!----> <a href="/blog/pages/c10281/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-next"><div class="tooltip">Git变基合并</div></a></div> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><!----> <span class="next"><a href="/blog/pages/c10281/">Git变基合并</a>→
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