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class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/9ac43a/#函数组件与-class-组件" class="sidebar-link">函数组件与 class 组件</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/blog/pages/9ac43a/#_1-函数组件" class="sidebar-link">1.函数组件</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/blog/pages/9ac43a/#_2-class组件" class="sidebar-link">2.class组件</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/blog/pages/9ac43a/#函数组件与class组件在事件处理上的一些区别" class="sidebar-link">函数组件与Class组件在事件处理上的一些区别</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/9ac43a/#渲染组件-父子组件传值" class="sidebar-link">渲染组件（父子组件传值）</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/9ac43a/#组合组件-复用组件" class="sidebar-link">组合组件（复用组件）</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/9ac43a/#提取组件-拆分组件" class="sidebar-link">提取组件（拆分组件）</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/blog/pages/9ac43a/#props命名原则" class="sidebar-link">props命名原则</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level3"><a href="/blog/pages/9ac43a/#提取原则" class="sidebar-link">提取原则</a></li></ul></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header level2"><a href="/blog/pages/9ac43a/#props-的只读性-不能修改props" class="sidebar-link">Props 的只读性（不能修改Props）</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/1e3ca2/" class="sidebar-link">State&生命周期</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/f27775/" class="sidebar-link">事件处理</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/8fcda8/" class="sidebar-link">条件渲染</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/88f4b0/" class="sidebar-link">列表&Key</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/002db7/" class="sidebar-link">表单</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/f0e3d2/" class="sidebar-link">状态提升 (共享状态)</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/9ae8e8/" class="sidebar-link">组合vs继承</a></li><li><a href="/blog/pages/c689bf/" class="sidebar-link">React哲学</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>高级指引</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>Hook</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>案例演示</span> <span class="arrow right"></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul> </aside> <div><main class="page"><div class="theme-vdoing-wrapper "><div class="articleInfo-wrap" data-v-06970110><div class="articleInfo" data-v-06970110><ul class="breadcrumbs" data-v-06970110><li data-v-06970110><a href="/blog/" title="首页" class="iconfont icon-home router-link-active" data-v-06970110></a></li> <li data-v-06970110><a href="/blog/note/react/#《React》笔记" data-v-06970110>《React》笔记</a></li><li data-v-06970110><a href="/blog/note/react/#核心概念" data-v-06970110>核心概念</a></li></ul> <div class="info" data-v-06970110><div title="作者" class="author iconfont 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src="data:image/png;base64,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">组件&Props<!----></h1> <div class="theme-vdoing-content content__default"><h1 id="_03-组件-props"><a href="#_03-组件-props" class="header-anchor">#</a> 03. 组件 & Props</h1> <h2 id="函数组件与-class-组件"><a href="#函数组件与-class-组件" class="header-anchor">#</a> 函数组件与 class 组件</h2> <h3 id="_1-函数组件"><a href="#_1-函数组件" class="header-anchor">#</a> 1.函数组件</h3> <div class="language-jsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-jsx"><code><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">Welcome</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">props</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
- <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">Hello, </span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>props<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
- <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
- </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p>该函数是一个有效的React组件。接收唯一带有数据的props参数，并返回一个React元素。</p> <h3 id="_2-class组件"><a href="#_2-class组件" class="header-anchor">#</a> 2.class组件</h3> <p>使用ES6的class来定义：</p> <div class="language-jsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-jsx"><code><span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Welcome</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">React<span class="token punctuation">.</span>Component</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
- <span class="token comment">// render 方法描述你想在屏幕看到的内容</span>
- <span class="token function">render</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
- <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">Hello, </span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>props<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
- <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
- <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
- </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p>以上两个组件是等效的。</p> <h3 id="函数组件与class组件在事件处理上的一些区别"><a href="#函数组件与class组件在事件处理上的一些区别" class="header-anchor">#</a> 函数组件与Class组件在事件处理上的一些区别</h3> <ul><li><p>使用<code>class组件</code>时的事件处理： <code>onClick={() => this.props.onClick()}</code></p></li> <li><p>使用<code>函数组件</code>时的事件处理： <code>onClick={props.onClick}</code>（注意两侧<em>都</em>没有括号）。</p></li></ul> <h2 id="渲染组件-父子组件传值"><a href="#渲染组件-父子组件传值" class="header-anchor">#</a> 渲染组件（父子组件传值）</h2> <p>React 元素也可以是用户自定义的组件：</p> <div class="language-jsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-jsx"><code><span class="token keyword">const</span> element <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Welcome</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Sara<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
- </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>通过属性（attributes）来传递值给子组件：</p> <div class="language-jsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-jsx"><code><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">Welcome</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">props</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">// 通过props接收传入值</span>
- <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">Hello, </span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>props<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
- <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
- <span class="token keyword">const</span> element <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Welcome</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Sara<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">// 通过attributes传入值</span>
- ReactDOM<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">render</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
- element<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
- document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getElementById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'root'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
- <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
- </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br></div></div><p><strong>注意：</strong> <strong>组件名称必须以大写字母开头。</strong></p> <p>React 会将以小写字母开头的组件视为原生 DOM 标签。例如，<code><div /></code> 代表 HTML 的 div 标签，而 <code><Welcome /></code> 则代表一个组件，并且需在作用域内使用 <code>Welcome</code>。</p> <h2 id="组合组件-复用组件"><a href="#组合组件-复用组件" class="header-anchor">#</a> 组合组件（复用组件）</h2> <div class="language-jsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-jsx"><code><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">Welcome</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">props</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
- <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">Hello, </span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>props<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>h1</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
- <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
- <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">App</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
- <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
- <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- // 复用Welcome组件
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Welcome</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Sara<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Welcome</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Cahal<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Welcome</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Edite<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
- <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
- <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
- ReactDOM<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">render</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
- <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">App</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
- document<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getElementById</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'root'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
- <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
- </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br></div></div><blockquote><p>通常来说，每个新的 React 应用程序的顶层组件都是 <code>App</code> 组件</p></blockquote> <h2 id="提取组件-拆分组件"><a href="#提取组件-拆分组件" class="header-anchor">#</a> 提取组件（拆分组件）</h2> <p>参考如下 <code>Comment</code> 组件：</p> <div class="language-jsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-jsx"><code><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">Comment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">props</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
- <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
- <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Comment<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>UserInfo<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>img</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Avatar<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span>
- <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>props<span class="token punctuation">.</span>author<span class="token punctuation">.</span>avatarUrl<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span>
- <span class="token attr-name">alt</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>props<span class="token punctuation">.</span>author<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span>
- <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>UserInfo-name<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>props<span class="token punctuation">.</span>author<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Comment-text<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>props<span class="token punctuation">.</span>text<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Comment-date<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token function">formatDate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>props<span class="token punctuation">.</span>date<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
- <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
- <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
- </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br><span class="line-number">14</span><br><span class="line-number">15</span><br><span class="line-number">16</span><br><span class="line-number">17</span><br><span class="line-number">18</span><br><span class="line-number">19</span><br><span class="line-number">20</span><br><span class="line-number">21</span><br></div></div><p>该组件由于嵌套的关系，变得难以维护，且很难复用它的各个部分。因此，让我们从中提取一些组件出来。</p> <p>首先，提取 <code>Avatar</code> 组件：</p> <div class="language-jsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-jsx"><code><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">Avatar</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">props</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
- <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
- <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>img</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Avatar<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span>
- <span class="token attr-name">src</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>props<span class="token punctuation">.</span>user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>avatarUrl<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span>
- <span class="token attr-name">alt</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>props<span class="token punctuation">.</span>user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span>
- <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span>
- <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
- <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
- </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><h3 id="props命名原则"><a href="#props命名原则" class="header-anchor">#</a> props命名原则</h3> <p><code>Avatar</code> 不需知道它在 <code>Comment</code> 组件内部是如何渲染的。因此，我们给它的 props 起了一个更通用的名字：<code>user</code>，而不是 <code>author</code>。</p> <p>我们<strong>建议从组件自身的角度命名 props，而不是依赖于调用组件的上下文命名</strong>。</p> <p>接下来，我们将提取 <code>UserInfo</code> 组件，该组件在用户名旁渲染 <code>Avatar</code> 组件：</p> <div class="language-jsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-jsx"><code><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">UserInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">props</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
- <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
- <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>UserInfo<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">Avatar</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">user</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>props<span class="token punctuation">.</span>user<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>UserInfo-name<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>props<span class="token punctuation">.</span>user<span class="token punctuation">.</span>name<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
- <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
- <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
- </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p>最终的 <code>Comment</code> 组件：</p> <div class="language-jsx line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-jsx"><code><span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">Comment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token parameter">props</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
- <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
- <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Comment<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span><span class="token class-name">UserInfo</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">user</span><span class="token script language-javascript"><span class="token script-punctuation punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>props<span class="token punctuation">.</span>author<span class="token punctuation">}</span></span> <span class="token punctuation">/></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Comment-text<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>props<span class="token punctuation">.</span>text<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>div</span> <span class="token attr-name">className</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation attr-equals">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>Comment-date<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token function">formatDate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>props<span class="token punctuation">.</span>date<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span><span class="token plain-text">
- </span><span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>div</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
- <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
- <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
- </code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br><span class="line-number">11</span><br><span class="line-number">12</span><br><span class="line-number">13</span><br></div></div><p>最初看上去，提取组件可能是一件繁重的工作，但是，在大型应用中，构建可复用组件库是完全值得的。</p> <h3 id="提取原则"><a href="#提取原则" class="header-anchor">#</a> 提取原则</h3> <ul><li>UI中多次被使用的部分</li> <li>一个足够复杂的组件（页面）</li></ul> <h2 id="props-的只读性-不能修改props"><a href="#props-的只读性-不能修改props" class="header-anchor">#</a> Props 的只读性（不能修改Props）</h2> <p>组件无论是使用<a href="https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/components-and-props.html#function-and-class-components" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">函数声明还是通过 class 声明<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>，都决不能修改自身的 props。</p> <blockquote><p>当然，应用程序的 UI 是动态的，并会伴随着时间的推移而变化。在<a href="https://zh-hans.reactjs.org/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">下一章节<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a>中，我们将介绍一种新的概念，称之为 “state”。在不违反上述规则的情况下，state 允许 React 组件随用户操作、网络响应或者其他变化而动态更改输出内容</p></blockquote></div></div> <div class="page-edit"><div class="edit-link"><a href="https://github.com/heBody/blog/edit/master/docs/《React》笔记/01.核心概念/03.组件&Props.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">编辑</a> <span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></div> <div class="tags"><a href="/blog/tags/?tag=React" title="标签">#React</a></div> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">上次更新:</span> <span class="time">2022/12/14, 19:36:42</span></div></div> <div class="page-nav-wapper"><div class="page-nav-centre-wrap"><a href="/blog/pages/b5d372/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-prev"><div class="tooltip">元素渲染</div></a> <a href="/blog/pages/1e3ca2/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-next"><div class="tooltip">State&生命周期</div></a></div> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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